CONTENTS Undertaking . i Certificate iii Acknowledgments v Abstract vii CONTENTS ix List of figures xi List of tables xiii 1 Introduction 1 1 1 Background 1 1 2 Introduction to Building Integrated Photovoltaics 2 1 2 1 Applications 3 1 2 2 Electrical Components of Photovoltaic Systems 4 1 2 3 Photovoltaic Cells 5 1 2 4 Design Considerations 6 1 3 Dissertation Structure 6 2 Literature Review 7 2 1 Photovoltaic Applications 7 2 2 Thermal and Generation Impacts 8 3 Research Objectives 11 3 1 Objectives 11 3 2 Approach 11 3 3 Scope 12 4 Research Methodology 13 4 1 Overview 13 4 2 Simulation Methodology 134 2 1 Simulation Run chart 14 4 2 2 Building Characteristics 15 4 2 3 Photovoltaic Simulations 16 4 3 Field Study Methodology 20 4 3 1 Building Overview 21 4 3 2 Photovoltaic Plant Overview 21 4 3 3 Integration Overview 21 4 3 4 Facility Generation and Consumption 21 5 Simulation Results 23 5 1 Orientation Impacts on Generation 23 5 2 Roof Integrated Photovoltaics 23 5 3 South Wall Integrated Photovoltaics 26 5 4 East Wall Integrated Photovoltaics 28 5 5 West Wall Integrated Photovoltaics 30 5 6 Overhang Integrated Photovoltaics 32 5 7 Integrated Photovoltaics for Multiple Envelope Components 33 5 7 1 Roof, South Wall, and South Wall Overhangs 33 5 7 2 Roof, Multiple Walls, and Multiple Overhangs 34 6 Case Studies 35 6 1 1 Case Study A – Manufacturing Facility, Rudrapur 35 6 1 2 Case Study B – Corporate Office, Gurgaon 40 6 1 3 Case Study C – Net Zero Energy Building, Ahmedabad 45 7 Conclusions and Future Research 51 References 53