CONTENTS List of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Maps vii List of Charts viii Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Need for Study 3 1.2 Aim 6 1.3 Objective 6 1.4 Research Questions 6 1.5 Methodology 7 1.6 Scope and Limitations 9 2. Literature Review 10 2.1 Public transport Accessibility Level for Ahmedabad, India Jay Shah, Bhargav Adhvaryu 12 2.2 Land Use and Public Transport Accessibility Index (LUPTAI) The development and pilot application of LUPTAI for the Gold Coast; Matthew Pitot, Tan Yigitcanlar, Neil Sipe and Rick Evans 13 2.3 Measures of Transport-Related Social Exclusion: A Critical Review of the Literature Md Kamruzzaman, Tan Yigitcanlar *, Jay Yang and Mohd Afzan Mohamed 14 3. Data Collection 16 4. Analysis 23 4.1 Public Transport Accessibility Level of Ahmedabad for 2017 23 4.2 Overlaying Slums and Chawls Over PTAL 2017 28 4.3 Reclassification of PTAL 2017 29 4.3.1 Overlaying Slum and Chawl Locations over Reclassified PTAL 2017 31 4.4 Survey Analysis 32 4.4.1 Sampling Method 32 4.4.2 Survey Area 32 4.4.3 Survey Groups 33 4.4.4 Outcomes of the Survey 36 4.4.5 Combined Outcomes 54 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 56 References 57 Annexure 61