CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 List of figures 5 List of tables 8 1. Introduction 9 1.1. General 9 1.2. Parking space 10 1.3. Need of study 11 1.4. Aim 13 1.5. Objective of study 13 1.6. Methodology of study 13 2. Parking policy: a demand management tool 15 2.1. General 15 2.2. Parking policy: a demand management tool 16 2.3. Cities mandated to reform parking policy 17 2.4. National urban transportation policy:key principles 18 2.5. Benefits of well managed parking policy and parking restraints 19 2.6. Ideal objective of parking policy 20 2.7. Approaches to parking supply policy 22 2.8. Parking norms and regulation 24 2.9. Performance benchmark for urban transport 25 2.9.1. Availability of parking spaces 25 3. Literature review 28 3.1. General 28 3.2. Parking costs and charges 29 3.2.1. Free (cheap) parking 29 3.2.2. Paid parking 29 3.3. Parking problems and costs 31 3.4. Benefits of parking 32 3.5. Parking prices and travel behaviour 33 3.6. Parking in cbd areas . 34 3.7. Park and ride 35 4. Study area 37 4.1. Ahmedabad: demographics and travel pattern 37 4.2. Vehicle growth for ahmedabad city 38 4.3. Selected road stretch 40 5. Parking inventory survey 43 5.1. Parking study . 43 5.2. Method of data collection 43 5.3. Data collection by license plate method of survey 45 5.4. Data collection by 3 hour survey 45 5.5. Relief road 45 5.5.1. Section view 46 5.5.2. Geometric details 46 5.5.3. Land use pattern 47 5.5.4. Analysis of 3 hour survey data 47 5.6. Gandhi road 64 5.6.1. Section view 64 5.6.2. Geometric details of the gandhi road 65 5.6.3. Analysis of 3 hour survey data 65 6. Descriptive analysis of questionnaire survey 82 6.1. Introduction 82 6.2. Data collection by questionnaire survey 82 6.3. Survey sample size 84 6.4. Socio-economic and household characteristics 84 6.5. Travel element (trip char.) 86 7. Statistical analysis and model 95 7.1. Introduction: logistic regression model 95 7.2. Binary logistic regression model 97 7.3. Model interpretation 99 8. Conclusions 100 Bibliography 102