CONTENTS Abstract .ii Acknowlegement .iv CONTENTS .vi List of figures .viii List of abbreviations 1 1 Heritage in the context of change 2 1.1 Introduction .2 1.2 Territorialisation and Identity 6 1.2.1 Territory 6 1.2.2 De-territorialisation and Re-territorialisation 7 1.3 What to conserve .8 1.3.1 Defining Heritage .8 1.3.2 Categorising heritage 9 1.4 Heritage and power : in the Indian scenario 10 2 Critical approaches and case studies .15 2.1 Interpreting heritage through an alternative lens .15 2.1.1 Background .15 2.1.2 Paradigm shift .15 2.1.3 Ename charter and integrative planning 17 2.2 Critical approaches towards conservation in a context of change 19 2.2.1 Conservation as a means of revitalisation .19 2.2.2 Heritage as a resource .22 2.2.3 Expanding the limits of heritage –heritage as part of an ecosystem .25 2.2.4 Tourism as an economic generator of heritage 30 2.3 Learnings 36 3 Contextualising Re-territorialisation ,the case of Chettinad .38 3.1 Chettinad context and background 38 3.2 Migration and abandonment of homes 40 3.3 Chettinad villages undergoing change 44 3.3.1 Ponnamaravathi 45 3.3.2 Devakottai 45 3.3.3 Karaikudi 46 4 Documenting Change 48 4.1 Karaikudi Background and evolution .48 4.2 Neighbourhoods undergoing change .50 4.3 Documenting Change 52 4.3.1 Existing Chettinad houses and sites of demolition 52 4.3.2 Level of transformation - nature of use .53 4.4 Case specific examples demonstrating change 58 4.4.1 Case 1: Retail plug-in within House form .58 4.4.2 Case 2: Retail plug-in within setback 60 4.4.3 Case 3 : House partly demolished to fit retail activity 62 4.4.4 Case 4 : retail store and storage rooms within house 64 4.4.5 Case 5 : Residential quarters within house 66 4.4.6 Case 6 : Out-house rented out as residential quarters .68 4.4.7 Case 7 : House structurally modified , space and use retained .70 4.4.8 Case 8 : Ownership changed , central court retained .72 4.5 Summary .74 5 Creating a framework for re-territorialisation .76 5.1 Existing Landuse Plan .76 5.1.1 Issues with the existing Landuse plan and Building regulation 77 5.2 Comparison of existing Landuse plan and retail activities .79 5.2.1 Existing Landuse plan for selected area 79 5.2.2 Existing Retail activities 79 5.3 Proposed Landuse change .81 5.4 Chettinad house in the context of the urban fabric 82 5.4.1 Composition of Chettinad settlements 82 5.4.2 The typical urban block .83 5.5 Chettinad House-form and significance of spaces 84 5.5.1 Typical Chettinad house-form .84 5.5.2 Evolution of house form 85 5.5.3 Function of adaptation follows form .87 5.5.4 Significance of spaces within the house 88 5.5.5 Inappropriate additions and transformations .91 5.6 Accommodating change within the house-form .92 5.7 Possible scenarios to fit retail into house-form .93 5.8 Building within the context .96 5.9 Framework for re-territorialisation 98 5.10 Possible scenarios of adaptation for different house forms .100 5.11 Intervention on a selected street 107 References 124