CONTENTS Abstract .i Acknowledgment iii CONTENTS v List of tables vii List of figures ix 1 Chapter First - Premise and Literature Study 1 1.1 Introduction .1 1.1.1 Research Question 2 1.1.2 Aim 2 1.1.3 Objectives .2 1.1.4 Research Methodology 2 1.2 Collective Memory 3 1.2.1 Modernism and Globalised forces 4 1.2.2 Homogenisation 5 1.2.3 Crisis in Memory 6 1.3 Rituals .7 1.3.1 Festivals 8 1.3.2 Festival Procession 9 1.3.3 Idea of pilgrimage and procession 11 1.4 Production of memory during festival procession 12 1.4.1 Movement in Space .14 1.4.2 Performance in spaces 16 1.5 Change in elements and selective memory 18 2 Chapter Second - Analysis and Case Studies 19 2.1 Cases for study and Analytical Frame work 19 2.2 Karaga Jatre in Bengaluru .20 2.2.1 City and it’s religious institutions .24 2.2.1.1 Diagrams of the Urban Performativity Complex 24 2.2.2 The Community 26 2.2.3 The Festival and procession .27 2.2.4 Production of memory .28 2.2.4.1 Movement in space .30 2.2.4.2 Performance in Space 33 2.2.4.3 Change in elements and selective memories .35 2.2.5 Spatialisation of memory 37 2.3 Republic Day in Delhi 39 2.3.1 Delhi and its sites of pilgrimages and other institution 40 2.3.2 Shahjahanabad and New Delhi Layout 42 2.3.3 Republic Day Procession 47 2.3.4 Production of Memory 47 2.3.4.1 Movement in Space .48 2.3.4.2 Performance in Space 49 2.3.4.3 Change of elements and selective memory 53 2.3.5 Spatialisation of memory 56 2.4 Jagannath Rath Yatra in Puri 58 2.4.5.1 City Spatial Manifestation .58 2.4.1 Cult of the Deity and the festival 60 2.4.2 The Festival and Procession .61 2.4.3 Production of Memory 62 2.4.3.1 Movement in Space .62 2.4.3.2 Performance in Space 65 2.4.3.3 Change in elements and Selective memory 67 2.4.4 Spatialisation of Memory 67 3 Chapter Third - Conclusion 71 3.1 Memory in physical space through Movement and Performance 71 3.2 Spatialisation of Memory .73 3.3 Matrix - Components producing Memory and affecting urban spaces.86 3.4 Transformation of city 88 References 89