CONTENTS Chapter I: Introduction 1 - 8 1.1. Mining 1.1.1 Factors influencing the extent and nature of environmental Impacts of mining 1.1.2 Communities inhabiting the area 1.2 What is Artisanal Mining and Small-Scale Mining? 1.2.1 Formal and Informal SSM 1.2.2 Gender issues 1.2.3 Occupational Health and Safety 1.2.4 Environmental Impacts of SSM 1.3 Small Scale mining in India 1.3.1 Legal Status of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining 1.3.2 Difficulties in Obtaining Information and Data on Small-Scale Mining 1.4 Aim 1.5 Objectives 1.6 Methodology Chapter II: Case studies 9 -16 2.1 case study 1: Environmental pollution status as a result of limestone and dolomite mining- Biramitrapur, Orissa 2.2 Literature study: 2.2.1 Impacts of surface mining on environment 2.2.1.1 Exploration 2.2.1.2 Mine operation and extraction of mineral 2.2.1.3 Closure and restoration 2.2.2. Impacts of mining on socio-economic, cultural and human health aspect 2.2.3 Mitigation measures to control the impacts Chapter III: Understanding the region 17- 32 3.1 Introduction to region 3.2 Understanding the natural resources of the region – Premining scenario 3.2.1 Defining the region 3.2.2 Topography 3.2.3 Climate 3.3 Geology 3.3.1 Formation 3.3.2 Occurrence of dolomite 3.4 Surface hydrology 3.5 Hydro-geomorphology 3.6 Soils 3.7 Slope analysis 3.8 Flora 3.9 Fauna 3.10 Settlement pattern 3.10.1 Tribal Homes and Lifestyles 3.10.2 Occupation pattern 3.10.2 Dependency of tribal on the forest 3.10.3 Agriculture Chapter IV: Dolomite mining in the region 33 – 37 4.1 Mining operation 4.1.1 Exploration 4.1.2 Drilling & Blasting 4.1.3 Mineral extraction 4.1.4 Transportation 4.2 Processing of dolomite 4.2.1 Uses of dolomite 4.3 Region responsible for mining – Primary Impact Area 4.4 Region responsible for production –Secondary Impact Area Chapter V: Impact analysis 38 - 46 5.1 Physical Impact - Changes in Landuse 5.2 Pollution Impacts – Air pollution 5.3 Impact – Surface Hydrology 5.3.2 Change in surface drainage lines and water courses 5.4 Impact on Biodiversity 5.5 Impact on settlements (socio-economic impact) 5.6 Analysis Chapter VI: Proposals 47 - 51 6.1 Proposal: Regional level 6.1.1 Post mining land-use / after use 6.1.2.1 Shifting of the industries 6.1.2.2 No mining Zone 6.1.2.3 Rehabilitation of the mines and its restoration 6.2 Proposal: Details 6.2.1 Details for regional level 6.2.2 6.2.1 Details for Primary study Area Annexure Bibliography/References