Chapter 1 Forest and wildlife 1-12 1.1 Forest – an background 1.1.1 Environmental effects of deforestation 1.1.1.1 Atmospheric pollution 1.1.1.2 Biodiversity 1.1.1.3 Water cycle and water resources, soil erosion, Landslides 1.2 ‘Forest’– Historical Background of India 1.3 Natural Habitat 1.4 Wildlife Habitat 1.4.1. An Expanding Human Population 1.4.2. Habitat loss 1.4.3. Habitat fragmentation 1.4.4. Habitat degradation and pollution 1.4.5. Introduction to exotic species 1.5 Categories of Protected areas and Reserved forest 1.5.1 Categories of Protected areas and Reserved forest 1.5. 2 Categories of Protected Areas –as followed in India 1.5.2.1 Protected Area 1.5.2.2 National Parks 1.5.2.3 Wildlife Sanctuaries 1.4.2.4 Biosphere reserves Aim, Objective, Methodology 13 Chapter 2 Introduction to the Study Region 14-34 2.1 Introduction to main and sub Region 2.2 History of the Sub Region 2.3 Basic information of the Sub Region 2.3.1 Boundaries 2.3.1.1 Ecological Boundaries 2.3.2 Temperature 2.3.3 Rainfall 2.3.4 Humidity 2.3.5 Winds 2.5 Terrain 2.6 Geology and Geohydrology 2.7 Soil 2.8 Hydrology 2.8.1 Surface Hydrology 2.8.2 Ground water Depth 2.8.2.1 Banas River 2.8.2.2 Sabarmati River 2.8.2.3 Saraswati River 2.8.2.5 Telia Nadi 2.8.2.6 Lakes/Pond and Well 2.8.2.7 Issues related to water 2.9 Socio-economic context 2.10 Threats 2.11 Classification of Forests Types by Champion and Seth 2.11.1 Forest on hills 2.11.2 Forest on Plains 2.12 Present Status of Forest and Agricultural areas 2.12.1 Issues 2.12.1.1 Unauthorized cultivation 2.12.1.2 Lopping 2.12.1.3 Illicit Cutting 2.12.1.4 Fires 2.12.1.5 Development activities Chapter 3 Case Studies 33-48 3.1 Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Sauarshtra,Gujarat 3.1.1 Physical location 3.1.2 Ecological boundaries 3.1.3 Terrain 3.1.4 Rock and soil 3.1.5 Climate 3.1.6 Temperature 3.1.7 Precipitation 3.1.8 Wind 3.1.9 Water 3.1.10 Flora and Fauna 3.1.10.1 Flora 3.1.10.2 Fauna 3.1.11 Socio-economic analysis 3.1.12 Existing landuse practices 3.1.13 Recommendations 3.2 RatanMahal Wildlife Sanctuary ,Dahod, Gujarat 3.2.1 Physical Location 3.2.2 Ecological boundaries 3.2.3 Topography 3.2.4 Geology 3.2.5 Climate 3.2.6 Temperature 3.2.7 Rainfall 3.2.7 Wind 3.2.9 Water 3.2.10 Flora and Fauna 3.2.10.1 Flora 3.2.10.2 Fauna 3.2.11 Inference 3.2.12 Recommendations Chapter 4 Wildlife Habitat 49-69 4.1 Animal Habitat 4.1.1 Food 4.1.2 Water 4.1.3 Cover 4.1.3.1 Cover Types and Functions 4.1.3.2 Cover Diversity Factors 4.2 Inter-dependency of Species on each other 4.2.1 Migration 4.2.2 Food Chain 4.3 Growth Structure and its requirements in an Ecosystem 4.3.1 Natality 4.3.2 Mortality 4.3.3 Decimating factors 4.3.3.1 Predation 4.3.3.2 Diseases and parasites 4.3.3.3 Accidents 4.3.3.4 Weather 4.3.3.5 Starvation 4.3.3.6 Stress 4.3.3.7 Hunting 4.3.3.8 Overall effects of mortality 4.3.4 Conclusion 4.4 Study of various Wildlife Species 4.4.1 Mammals 4.4.1.1 Melursus Ursinus (Sloth bear) 4.4.1.2 Panthera pardus (Panther) 4.4.1.3 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Nilagi) 4.4.1.4 Hyena hyena (Striped hyena) 4.4.1.5 Canis aureus(Jackal) 4.4.1.6 Lepus rificaudatus (Indian hare) 4.4.1.7 Vulpes bengalensis (Indian fox) 4.4.1.8 Felis chaus (Jungle cat) 4.4.1.9 Felis caracal muller (Caracal) 4.4.1.10 Canis lupus pallipses (Indian wolf) 4.4.1.11 Vulpes bengalensis ( Indian fox) 4.4.1.12 Manis crassicaudata (Pangolin) 4.41.13 Erinaceus pictus/ Erinaceus arnitus (Pale hedgehog) 4.4.1.14 Hyshir indica (Indian porcupine) 4.4.1.15 Sus scrofa (Wildboar) 4.4.2 Birds 4.4.3 Reptiles 4.4.4 Census figure of Wildlife in the forest area of Banaskantha Forest division, 1996 Chapter 5 Analysis and Proposal for the Sanctuary 70-80 5.1 Ecozones 5.2 Analysis 5.2.1 Vegetative Analysis 5.2.2 Biotic Factors 5.2.3 Wildlife Habitat and fragmentation 5.2.3.1 Effects of Habitat fragmentation 5.2.4 Socio-economic context 5.3 Proposal 5.3.1 Delineation of core, buffer, peripheral area 5.3.2 Creating Wildlife Corridors 5.3.2.1 Functions of corridors 5.3.3 Classification of wildlife corridors 5.3.4 Crossing Structures & Wildlife Usage 5.3.5 Redefining the boundaries 5.3.6 Vegetative up gradation 5.3.7 Proposal for the Main Region Bibliography 81 Unpublished Thesis 82 Website 82 Annexure 83-97 Annexure I 83 Annexure II 86 Annexure III 91 Annexure IV 97