Contents : Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents vi List of Tables x List of Figures xi Executive Summary xii Chapter 1: Introduction to the study 1.1Meaning of a ‘City’: 2 1.2 Urbanization Trends in Asia: 2 1.3 Indian Perspective of Urbanization: 3 1.4 Challenges of Urbanization: 4 1.4.1 STATUS OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE: 4 1.5 The Urban Local Bodies: 6 1.5.1 74th CONSTITUTIONAL ACT: 6 1.5.2 STATE FINANCE COMMISSIONS (SFCs): 6 1.5.3 PPP (PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 6 1.6 National Government Initiatives on Urban Infrastructure: 7 1.6.1 JNNURM (2005-12): 7 1.6.2 AMRUT: (2015- 2020): 8 1.6.3 SLBs: 8 1.7 Smart City: 9 1.8 Definition and Origin: 10 1.9 Smart Cities Indicators: 11 1.10 Indian Smart Cities: 13 1.10.1 DURATION AND COVERAGE: 14 1.11 Preparedness of Indian Cities: 15 1.12 The Smart City Debate: 16 1.13 Significance of the Study: 18 1.15 Aim: . 19 1.16 Objectives: 19 1.17 Approach and Methodology: 20 Chapter 2: Infrastructure Needs of Cities; Perspective and Approach of National Government 2.1 Introduction: 24 2.2 Introduction to the Missions: 24 2.2.1 JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission): 25 2.2.1.1 Aim of the Mission: 25 2.2.1.2 Objectives of the Mission: 25 2.2.1.3 Duration: 26 2.2.2 AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation): 26 2.2.2.1 Aim of the Mission: 26 2.2.2.2 Objectives of the Mission: 26 2.2.2.3 Duration: . 27 2.2.3 HRIDAY (Heritage City Development & Augmentation Yojana): 27 2.2.3.1 Aim of the Mission: 27 2.2.3.2 Duration: 27 2.2.4 RAY (Rajiv Awaz Yojana): 27 2.2.4.1 Aim of the Mission: 28 2.2.4.2 Objective of the Mission: 28 2.2.4.3 Duration: 28 2.2.5 SMART: 28 2.2.5.1 Objective of the Mission: 28 2.2.5.2 Duration: 28 2.2.6 SUMMING UP: 28 2.3 Selection of Cities and Coverage: 30 2.3.1 JNNURM: 30 2.3.2 AMRUT: 30 2.3.3 SMART: 30 2.3.4 HRIDAY: 31 2.3.5 RAY: 31 2.3. SUMMING UP: 31 2.4 Focus Areas and Fund Allocation: 33 2.4.1 JNNURM: 33 2.4.2 AMRUT: 34 2.4.3 SMART: 34 2.4.4 HRIDAY: 35 2.4.5 RAY: 35 2.4.6 SUMMING UP: 35 2.5 Fund Allocation: 36 2.5.1 JNNURM: 36 2.5.2 AMRUT: 37 2.5.3 SMART: 37 2.5.4 HRIDAY: 37 2.5.5 RAY: 38 2.5.6 SUMMING UP: 38 2.7 City Perception 39 2.8 Summing up: 40 Chapter 3: Perspective and Response from Cities towards National Missions 3.1 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: 41 3.2 Choosing Sample Cities and Case Cities: 41 3.2.1 SAMPLE CITIES: 41 3.2.2 CASE CITIES: 47 3.3 Analyzing pattern in projects and investments of cities within each infrastructure secto 50 3.3.1 CONCEPT OF SECTORS: 50 3.3.2 WATER SUPPLY: 51 3.3.3 SEWERAGE AND SANITATION: 54 3.3.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: 56 3.3.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE: 58 3.3.6 URBAN TRANSPORT: 60 3.3.7 SLUMS AND RELATED PROJECTS: 63 3.3.8 City Wise priority of sectors across the missions: 65 3.3.9 Investments in the Sectors of Urban Infrastructure for the Missions: 66 3.4 Primary Interviews in the two case cities: 67 3.5 Summing Up: 69 Chapter 4: Implementation Challenges 4.1 Implementation Challenges according to literature: 70 4.1.1 JNNURM: 70 4.1.2 AMRUT: 71 4.1.3 SMART: 72 4.2 Implementation Challenges according to interviews: 73 4.3 Capacity Building: 75 4.3.1 The Concept of Capacity Building 75 4.3.2 Capacity Building initiatives in different missions: 76 4.3.2.1 JNNURM: 76 4.3.2.2 AMRUT: 77 4.3.2.3 SMART: 78 4.3.2.4 HRIDAY: 78 4.3.2.5 RAY: 79 4.3.3 Capacity Building in the Case Cities: 79 4.3.4 Capacity Building in the Sample Cities: 80 Chapter 5: Conclusion 82 List of References 85