CONTENTS Acknoledgement 5 Chapter: -1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 2 1.1.2 Sewage Collection and treatment scenario in India 2 1.2 Research questions: 3 1.3 Aim:- 4 1.4 Research Methodology 4 1.5 Data collection methods 5 1.5.1 Case study and Site visit 5 1.5.2 Sample size 5 1.5.3 Questionnaire formulation 5 1.5.4 Secondary data 6 1.6 Analytical framework 6 Chapter 2 Literature study 7 2.1 Understanding Wastewater - Definitions and Concepts 8 2.2 Wastewater management - Technology and Practices 8 2.2.1 Stages of treatment 8 2.2.3 Primary treatment 9 2.2.4 Secondary treatment 9 2.2.5 Tertiary treatment 9 2.3 Treatment methods 10 2.3.1 STABIZATION POND 11 2.3.2 MBBR TECHNOLOGY 11 2.3.3 Up flow anaerobic sludge reactor 12 2.3.4 Activated sludge process 13 2.3.5 Membrane Bioreactors 13 2.3.6 Anaerobic baffled reactor 14 2.4 Decentralised Waste Water Treatment System 14 2.5 DEWATS – Technology 16 2.6 DEWATS principles and devices 16 2.6.1 Pre-treatment cycle: the settler 16 2.6.2 First treatment cycle: the anaerobic baffled tank 17 2.6.3 Second treatment cycle: anaerobic filter 17 2.6.4 Third treatment cycle: the planted gravel filter 19 2.6.5 Post-treatment cycle: the polishing tank (open water body) 19 2.7 DEWATS in India 20 2.7.1 Chronology 20 2.7.2 Application of DEWATS in India 22 2.7.3 Initiatives for Scaling up and policy level interventions 22 2.8 DEWATS Projects 23 2.8.1 Different sector of projects 23 2.8.2 SCALE OF PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED 25 2.8.3 Inferences 26 2.9 CASE STUDIES 26 2.9.1 Isolation hospital staff quarters 26 2.9.2 Rajendra nagar Basti - CBS 30 2.9.3 Bidi workers Colony 35 2.9.4 East Devadanam Colony - CBS 39 2.9.5 CONSTRAINTS AND LESSONS 43 2.9.6 CONCLUSTION 44 Chapter: 3 DEWATS for peri-urban area of the Rajkot city 46 3.1 The context: RAJKOT 47 3.2 About RUDA 48 3.3 Peri-urban area of the Rajkot 48 Population Density 50 3.4 Existing water supply and sanitation scenario of the Rajkot and peri-urban areas 51 3.4.1 Water supply current scenario 51 3.4.2 Water supply in RUDA 52 3.4.3 Sewerage Collection System, Network Coverage 52 3.4.4 TOILET COVERAGE 53 3.5 Delineation of the study area 54 Chapter 4 Design and feasibility of DEWATS 56 4.1 INTRODUCTION 57 Drainage network 57 4.2 Primary survey findings 60 4.2.1 Water supply 60 4.2.2 Sanitation 61 4.2.3 Willingness to take participate in community projects 62 4.2.4 Willingness to pay user charge 63 4.2.5 Prominent issue Related to the Sanitation 64 4.3 Different cluster of Madhapar area 65 4.3.1 Topography map of the Madhapar area 68 4.3.2 Design of DEWATS for Selected cluster 70 4.3.3 Components of DEWATS 71 4.3.4 Land availability and Reuse option for the DEWATS 72 4.3.5Comparison of Technology 73 4.4 Financial viability 73 4.4.1 Comparison of Costs 73 4.5 Feasibility of DEWATS 74 4.5.1 Technical Feasibility 75 4.5.2 Environmental / social benefits 75 4.6 Viability of DEWATS 76 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations - Strategies for the application of DEWATS 77 5.1 Conclusions 78 5.2 Implementation Framework 78 5.2.1 Phasing of DEWATS Interventions 78 5.2.2 Short term and Long term strategies 79 5.2.3 Policy Framework for DEWATS implementation 80 5.3 Proposed Institutional Framework 81 5.4 Financing Strategies 83 Bibliography 84 Annexures 85