CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 10 Background . 10 Problem Statement 12 Research questions 14 Aim 14 Objectives . 14 Methodology 14 Framework 16 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 18 Urban Poor 18 2.1.1 Defining Urban Poor: 18 2.1.2 Demographics . 18 2.1.3 Mobility patterns of Urban poor . 19 Smart Transportation: . 20 2.2.1 Different City Concepts related to Smart Cities 20 2.2.2 Various definitions of smart cities in global context: . 22 2.2.3 Smart Cities in India 23 2.2.4 Understanding Smart Transportation 25 Components of Smart Transportation 28 2.3.1 Travel and traffic management 28 2.3.2 Electronic payment 30 2.3.3 Emergency management 30 2.3.4 Information management 31 2.3.5 Maintenance and construction management 31 2.3.6 Summary 31 1. Travel and traffic management 31 2. Electronic payment 32 3. Emergency management 32 3 STUDY AREA - AHMEDABAD 34 Introduction about the city 34 3.1.1 Slum population 35 Ahmedabad Smart City Proposal 36 3.2.1 Basic features to Ahmedabad Smart city proposal: . 36 3.2.2 The key features of Smart Mobility: . 36 ITS system in Ahmedabad –Implementation 38 3.3.1 Solution Stack . 38 3.3.2 Infrastructure Stack 38 3.3.3 Operations, Management & Maintenance Services . 39 ITMS Components 40 3.4.1 BUS Station Equipment 40 3.4.2 Bus Equipment 40 3.4.3 Control Centre and Disaster Recovery Centre 40 i. User-Interface Systems 41 iii. Bus station infrastructure 43 iv. Bus ITS Equipment 44 Ahmedabad Projects details: 44 3.5.1 Project: Intelligent Transit Management System and Automatic fare collection system (ITMS-AFCS) 45 3.5.2 Project: Common Card Payment System (CCPS) 51 Components Used for the study – User Side 52 4 SURVEY DESIGN 54 5 USER ANALYSIS 57 Socio-Demographic Characteristics 57 5.1.1 BRTS Users 58 ITS Components 60 5.2.1 Passenger Information System . 60 5.2.2 Automated Fare Collection System 64 5.2.3 Security and Surveillance system – CCTV cameras at BRTS station 66 5.2.4 Bus Station Equipments 67 6 NON- USER ANALYSIS 70 Socio- demographic Characteristics 70 6.1.1 Non- BRTS Users . 70 Perception of Non BRTS Users in terms of Smart Transport Technologies 72 6.2.1 Complex Systems . 72 6.2.2 Importance of BRTS 73 6.2.3 Issue of fare 73 6.2.4 Need of assistance to Understand the systems 74 6.2.5 Issue of Bus frequency . 74 6.2.6 Issue of Accessibility 75 iii 6.2.7 Integration of AMTS-BRTS 75 Calculating the Modal Value for Non-User perception study: . 76 7 ISSUES 78 Issues faced by BRTS Users 78 7.1.1 Barriers with the Route Maps 78 7.1.2 Barriers with the Digital Displays 78 7.1.3 Barriers with the Web-Portal 80 7.1.4 Barriers with the Announcements . 79 7.1.5 Barriers with the Journey Planners 79 7.1.6 Barriers with the Mobile app 80 7.1.7 Barriers of using Smart Cards 80 7.1.8 Barriers with CCTV cameras 80 7.1.9 Barriers of using Bus Infrastructure 78 Perception of Non-BRTS Users . 81 8 RECOMMENDATIONS AND POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS . 82 Route Maps . 82 Digital Displays at station and in bus 82 Announcements 82 Web-Portals and Journey Planners . 83 Mobile-apps 83 Smart Cards . 83 Bus Infrastructure – Flap gates and Smart Card validator 82 9 CONCLUSION 84 10 References 92