CONTENTS 1 Introduction 14 1.1 Background 14 1.2 Need for the study . 15 1.3 Aim 15 1.4 Research question . 15 1.5 Objectives 15 1.6 Scope and limitations 16 1.7 Research methodology . 16 1.7.1 Objective – 1 . 16 1.7.2 Objective – 2 . 16 1.7.3 Objective – 3 . 17 2 Literature review 18 2.1 Urban Land use and Transportation 18 2.2 Land use Cycle and Transportation 18 2.3 Urban Form and Transportation 19 2.4 Transport and Spatial Form . 20 2.5 Necessity for higher densification 20 2.6 Activity Centres and Density 20 2.7 Floor Space Index . 21 2.8 Modal Split, Road Hierarchy and Fuel emissions 21 2.8.1 Modal Split 21 2.8.2 Mode Share Present (2011) and Future Scenario . 23 2.8.3 Road Hierarchy 23 2.9 AIR POLLUTION 24 2.10 Wind 26 2.10.1 Effect of Wind Speed . 27 2.10.2 Effect of Wind Direction 28 2.11 Air Pollution and Vehicular Emissions 29 2.11.1 Emission Standards 30 2.12 Air Pollution Dispersion 31 2.12.1 General characteristics of the Plume 32 2.12.2 Simulation 33 2.13 Types of Models 35 2.13.1 Scope and Objectives for the model 36 2.13.2 Usefulness of the model: 36 2.13.3 Short listed models 36 2.13.4 Classification of commonly used dispersion models 38 2.13.5 Final short listed models 39 2.13.6 Selection of air quality model 40 2.14 Case studies 42 2.14.1 OSPM applications in case of Hanoi, Vietnam 42 3 City Profile . 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Demography 47 3.3 Ahmedabad Development Plan 48 3.4 Zoning and Development 49 3.4.1 Considerations as per AUDA DP 2021 for zoning regulations: 50 3.5 Demand and Supply Assessment 50 3.6 Zoning Proposals 51 3.7 Transport and Land use Policies, Ahmedabad . 52 4 CBD – Ahmedabad 53 4.1 Ashram Road, Ahmedabad 53 4.2 Ashram Road Development Plan 53 4.3 Central Business District 54 4.4 Development of Central Business District (CBD) 56 4.5 Densification along Transit corridors 57 4.6 Existing Built Use of CBD 59 4.7 Built Height of CBD 63 4.8 DCR for CBD 64 4.8.1 Variations in FSI 64 4.8.2 Setbacks and Build-to-line 65 4.8.3 Constraints 65 4.9 Air pollution in context to CBD, Ahmedabad . 67 4.9.1 Driving Forces of Air Pollution in Ahmedabad 67 4.9.2 Selection of Dispersion Models 68 “Affect of change in Urban Form on Air Pollutant Dispersion.” 4.9.3 The OSPM Model 69 4.9.4 Input and Output data . 71 4.9.5 Applications of OSPM . 72 4.9.6 Application of OSPM in Ahmedabad 73 4.9.7 Air quality modeling at street scale in Ahmedabad, Using OSPM. 73 5 Analysis 83 5.1 Scenario 1 – Existing conditions 83 5.2 Scenario 2- Projected conditions 86 5.3 Scenario 3- Proposed Conditions electric fuel mode 90 5.4 Comparative Analysis and Findings . 95 5.5 CONCLUSIONS 96 6 Bibliography 97 7 Annexures 99 7.1 Letter from Commissioner Office for acquiring traffic data 99