CONTENTS List of figures iv List of tables . vii Undertaking ix Certificate xi Acknowledgments xiii Executive Summary . xv 1 Introduction 21 1.1 Background 21 1.2 Need for study . 22 1.3 Scope . 23 1.4 Aim 23 1.5 Objectives 23 1.6 Methodology . 24 1.6.1 Method of assessment 25 2 Literature Review 29 2.1 Public transport systems 29 2.2 Multi-modal transportation 29 2.2.1 Significance of multi-modal transportation 30 2.2.2 Components of multi-modal transportation 30 2.2.3 Challenges of multi-modal transportation 31 2.3 Transfers and types of transfers 31 2.4 Interchange zone 32 2.4.1 Overview 32 2.4.1.1 Decision spaces 32 2.4.1.2 Movement spaces . 33 2.4.1.3 Opportunity spaces . 33 2.4.2 Qualities of an interchange zone 34 Planning the Transit Interchange Zones: Case study of Marine Drive, Kochi 2.4.3 Components of an interchange zone 35 2.4.3.1 Transport 36 2.4.3.2 Place-making 36 2.4.3.3 Community 36 2.4.3.4 Commercial 36 2.4.4 Types of destination . 36 2.4.4.1 Gateway . 36 2.4.4.2 Attractor . 37 2.4.4.3 Metropolitan . 38 2.4.4.4 Local 39 2.4.5 Types of users 39 2.4.5.1 Commuters . 39 2.4.5.2 Tourists 40 2.4.5.3 Recreational users 40 2.4.6 Functions of an interchange zone 40 2.4.7 Stages of planning an interchange zone 40 2.4.8 Challenges of an interchange zone . 41 2.4.9 Case Studies 42 2.4.9.1 Hillingdon: Transport interchanges 42 2.4.9.2 Maracana Stadium pedestrian Access Strategy (Rio State Government) 45 3 Case Study: Marine Drive, Kochi . 47 3.1 About Kochi 47 3.2 Public transportation services in Kochi . 47 3.2.1 Bus Service 47 3.2.2 Ferry Service 48 3.2.3 Metro Service . 50 3.3 Study Area . 51 3.3.1 Land use Map . 52 3.3.2 Ownership Map 52 iii 3.4 Data Collection 53 3.4.1 Survey Methodology 53 3.4.2 Questionnaire Framework 53 3.4.2.1 Questionnaire layout for the user group . 53 3.4.2.2 Questionnaire layout for the community 54 4 Analysis 57 4.1 Demographic and trip characteristic analysis 57 4.1.1 Comparative analysis of various factors among user groups . 62 4.1.2 Comparative analysis of various factors among communities . 67 4.2 Important-Satisfaction Analysis of user group 69 4.2.1 Importance rating and ranking . 70 4.2.2 Satisfaction rating and ranking 71 4.2.3 Importance-Satisfaction rating and ranking (from users perspective) . 73 5 Findings and Recommendations . 75 5.1 Efficient information and signboards 76 5.2 Efficiency and utilization of amenities and leisure space 77 5.3 Ease to get around the station 78 5.4 Easy access to all modes of transport 79 5.4.1 Proposed Skywalk 80 5.4.2 Proposed road sections . 81 5.5 Proposed Illustration 89 Annexure 92 References 97