CONTENTS Undertaking . ii Certificate iii Acknowledgement . iv Executive Summary . ix 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Urban Transport in India . 1 1.2 Financing Urban Transport . 1 1.3 Need of the Study . 2 1.4 Aim & Objectives . 4 1.4.1 Aim 4 1.4.2 Research Questions 4 1.4.3 Objectives . 4 1.4.4 Methodology: 4 1.4.5 Limitations: 5 2 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 2.1 Public Finance 6 2.1.1 Case Study: Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) . 6 2.2 Public Private Partnership 7 2.2.1 Types of PPP Contracts: 8 2.2.2 Gross Cost Contracts (GCC) . 10 2.2.3 Net Cost Contracts (NCC) . 13 2.2.4 Hybrid Cost Model . 16 2.2.5 Learnings from Contracting Arrangements . 17 3 Chapter 3: Study Area – Bhopal City Bus Service 19 3.1 City Profile and Growth 19 3.2 Introduction to City bus service . 24 3.3 MyBus Bhopal . 25 3.3.1 Operational Structure of Trunk Routes . 26 Assessment of Bus Contracting Models: A Case Study of Bhopal vi 3.3.2 Operational Structure of Complimentary Routes . 27 3.4 Site Visit . 29 3.4.1 Timeline . 29 3.4.2 Operators . 33 3.4.3 Risk Sharing 34 3.4.4 Ridership and Earning . 36 3.4.5 Profit – Loss Statement (Bus Operator) 41 3.4.6 Quality and level of service 42 3.5 Draft Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Bhopal (2012) . 53 4 Conclusion 55 Appendix: User Perception Survey Questionnaire . 57 References . 58