CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Introduction . 9 2.1 Kumbh mela 9 2.2 Need of the study . 10 2.3 Research question 10 2.4 Aim 11 2.5 Objective . 11 2.6 Methodology . 11 2.7 Chapterisation Scheme 12 2.7.1 Introduction 12 2.7.2 Literature review 12 2.7.3 Preparatory planning for temporary urbanism . 12 2.7.4 Management and Governance 13 2.7.5 Post planning impact on the city 13 2.8 Scope and limitation 13 3 Literature review . 15 3.1 kumbh mela . 15 3.2 Simhastha 15 3.3 The temporary city 16 3.4 Special Issue, Religion and the City 17 3.5 Case study . 18 3.5.1 Simhastha Ujjain 2004 . 18 3.5.2 Allahabad Mahakumbh-2013 . 20 3.6 Ujjain city 21 3.6.1 Location and Regional Setting . 22 3.6.2 Demography . 23 4 Preparatory planning for temporary urbanism 25 4.1 Pre planning process on ground 25 4.1.1 Estimation for pilgrims 25 1.1.1 Main dates of holy bath 26 1.1.2 Land area requirement 27 1.1.3 Delineation of simhastha area 27 1.2 Plot Design for pilgrim and akharas 28 1.3 Satellite town . 29 1.3.1 Parking inside Simhastha Area 30 1.3.2 Area for Basic Amenities within the Satellite Towns 31 4.2 Physical Infrastructure . 32 4.2.1 Roads and transportation 32 4.2.2 Water supply 43 4.2.3 Sewage and Sanitation . 44 4.2.4 Storm water 49 4.2.5 Solid waste management 50 4.2.6 Electricity . 51 4.2.7 Fire fighting 52 4.3 Social infrastructure 53 4.3.1 Health and Medical facilities . 53 4.3.2 Conservation of Shipra River . 54 5 Management and governance 59 5.1 Crowd management . 59 5.1.1 Central Control Office 59 5.1.2 Location of Watch Towers . 59 5.1.3 Route Planning . 60 5.1.4 Vehicle Pass . 60 5.1.5 Hold-Ups 60 5.1.6 One Way Movement 60 5.1.7 Zig Zag Movement . 60 5.1.8 Barricades . 61 5.1.9 Signage System 61 5.2 Security and safety 61 5.2.1 Security Plan 61 5.3 Administrative Structure –Institutional Framework . 63 5.4 Administrative Hierarchy 63 5.5 Law and Order . 64 6 Post planning impact on the city . 65 6.1 Future use 65 6.2 List of infrastructure project 66 6.2.1 Permanent infrastructure 66 6.2.2 Temporary infrastructure . 66 6.3 Post impact on city 67 6.3.1 Compression of Ujjain development plan and compressive Mela plan 2016 67 7 Conclusion and major findings . 69 7.1 Physical Infrastructure impacts . 69 7.1.1 Roads and transportation 69 7.1.2 Water 69 7.1.3 Sewerage and sanitation . 69 7.1.4 Electricity . 69 7.1.5 Fire fighting 70 7.1.6 Medical facility 70 7.1.7 Land use . 70 7.2 Impact on the city 70 7.3 Citizen perception (FGD) 70 7.3.1 Solid waste management 70 7.3.2 Acquire land . 71 7.3.3 Management and governance . 71 7.4 Recommendations . 71 7.5 Way forward 72 8 Annexure . 73 9 References . 76