CONTENTS List of figures ii List of Tables vi CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction 1 Statement of problem 4 Aim 5 The objective of the study 5 Research question 5 Methodology 6 Choice of Study Area 6 Scope of Study 7 Limitations 7 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review 8 2.1 Tribal Communities under Study 13 Chapter 3 Profile of the Study Area and Scheduled Tribes Selected For Study 15 3.1 Selection of Specific areas for survey 17 3.1.1 Kudayathoor gram panchayat 18 3.1.2 Bison valley gram panchayat 19 3.1.3 Adimaly gram panchayat 19 3.2 Profile of Tribes taken for study 20 3.2.1 Muthuvan tribe 20 3.2.2 Malayarayan tribe 23 CHAPTER 4 : Analysis 1 25 4.1 Review of tribal growth rate 25 4.1.1 Demographic profile of Malayarayan &Muthuvan tribe 26 4.1.2 Time line analysis of Livelihood, Economic & Social Aspect 30 5.1 Social and Cultural characteristics 42 CHAPTER 5: Idukki, the Tribe and Their Transformation Analysis II 43 5.1 Social and Cultural characteristics 44 5.1.1 Analysis of social characteristics Malayarayans 45 5.1.2 Analysis of social characteristics of Muthuvans 46 5.2 Livelihood and Economic Analysis 47 5.2.1 Occupation characteristics 47 5.2.2 Income pattern 48 5.2.3 Education pattern 49 5.2.4 Asset holding 51 5.2.5 Housing and ownership details 52 5.2.6 Infrastructure facilities 55 5.2.7 Savings and Liabilities 56 5.3 Summary of Primary data analysis 57 6.1 58 6.1 Tribal Development Programmes & Schemes 59 Programme for the year 2008-09 75 CHAPTER 7: Suggestions, Issues and Conclusion 82 7.1 Issues 82 7.2 Suggestion & Conclusion 85 8. References 87