CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 8 1.1 Climate Change 8 1.1.1. What are the IPCC Scenarios? 11 1.2 Solid Waste Management 13 1.3 Why Surat city? 14 1.4 Research Questions 15 1.5 Aim 15 1.6 Objectives 15 1.7 Methodology 16 1.8 Scope and Limiations 16 1.9 Methodology 17 1.10 Chapterization 18 2. CONCEPTUAL & THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 19 2.1 Building urban resilience and enhancing adaptation 19 2.1.1 What makes climate change difficult to address 19 2.1.2 Climate change scenarios in south asia & india 20 2.2 Urban climate resilient synopsis 23 2.2.1 Toolkit for resilient cities 24 2.3 Adaptation activities in india 25 2.3.1 Towards a resilient gorakhpur 25 2.3.2 Climate resilient infrastructure: case study of panaji 28 2.3.3 Hazard risk and vulnerability analysis of the city of bhubaneswar (odisha) ... 31 2.4 Climate change and solid waste management 35 2.4.1 Impacts of solid waste management on climate change 35 2.5 Increasing climate resilience in waste infrastructure & potential impacts of climate on solid waste management 37 2.5.1 Landfills in the east of england: planning for climate change 37 2.6 Cities and flooding 39 3. CITY PROFILE 42 3.1 Surat city profile 42 3.1.1 Political context 43 3.1.2 Environmental hazards 43 3.1.3 Economy 44 3.1.4 Social dynamics 44 3.1.5 Government capacity in this city 44 3.2 1994 plague of surat 45 4. SURVEY AND ANALYSIS 48 4.1 Door to door garbage collection 48 4.1.1 Roles / activities of the partners at each stage for the best practice 51 4.1.2 Society anudan scheme 51 4.1.3 Hotel & kitchen waste 52 4.1.4 Night scraping and brushing 53 4.1.5 Construction & demolition waste 53 4.1.6 Future projections and issues in d-2-d garbage collection 55 4.1.7 Issues in proper management of d-2-d waste collection 56 4.1.8 Bio medical waste 58 4.2 Secondary transfer station 59 4.3 Treatment plant 63 4.4 Khajod disposal site 64 4.5 Climate analysis and projections for surat 66 4.5.1 Temperature change prognosis 67 4.5.2 Heat waves 69 4.5.3 Humidity 70 4.5.4 Sea level rise 72 4.5.5 Precipitation 73 4.5.6 Cyclones 74 4.5.7 Drought 76 4.5.8 Rise in tidal level 77 4.5.9 Floods 79 4.6 Infrastructure interdependencies 87 4.7 Vulnerability and risk assessment 89 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMMENDATIONS 92 5.1 Conclusion 92 5.2 Recommendations 99 5.2.1 Community based resilient management and application of smart solutions 99 5.2.2 Infrastructure lifetimes 100 5.2.3 Stakeholder engagement 102 5.2.4 Adaptation options for waste 104 5.2.5 Recommendations/ proposals 109