Executive Summary 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 22 Chapter1 23 Introduction 23 1.1. Brief Background 23 1.2 Need of the study 24 1.3. Hypothesis 26 1.4 Research Question 26 1.5 Objective 26 1.6 Methodology 27 Chapter2 29 Literature Review 29 2.1 Components of sanitation and Sanitation Chain 29 2.2 Public Toilets as a part of Sanitation29 2.2.1 The Programs and Policies at different level and time periods 31 2.3 National Urban Sanitation Policy, 2008 34 National Urban Sanitation Policy 34 2.3.1 Key Sanitation Policy Issues 35 2.3.2 Policy Goals: 36 2.3.3 Government structure and funding pattern 37 2.3.4 Component of the scheme 37 2.4 Swachh Bharat Mission 38 2.4.1 Objectives of the mission 38 2.4.2 Mission components 38 The Mission has the following components: 38 2.4.3 SBM (Urban) Component III: Public Toilets 39 2.4.3 Construction and provision guidelines for Public Toilets 40 2.5 Public Toilets and Public Health 41 2.6 Provision of Toilets for the Disables (Disability Act, inclusive design in Railways) 42 2.6.1Amenities to be provided in railway station premises and other public utility buildings of railways: 43 2.7 Agencies and Authorities for setting norms and standards for Public Toilets 43 2.6.1 London Public Toilet Policy 44 2.7.2 Thailand Healthy Toilet Policy 44 2.7.3 Australia Toilet Map 45 2.7.4 Lesson Learnt: 45 CHAPTER 3 . 46 Case Study: HaridwarCity 46 3.1 Introduction 46 3.2.1Glimpse of the city 50 3.3 Land Use of the Haridwar City 51 Chapter 4 55 Sanitation Condition and Analysis of Haridwar City 55 4.1Household Sanitation 55 4.2 Open Defecation ward wise 57 4.3 Sites for Open Defecation 58 4.4 Percentage of the Household not having Latrines 59 4.5 Percentage of the Household using Public Toilets at ward level 60 4.6Service Conditions in the City and the MOUD benchmark for those services 61 4.8 Public Toilets 62 4.8.1Location of Public Toilets in the City 62 4.8.1 Authorities for Public Toilet 63 4.8.2 Location of Toilets according to land use 65 4.8.3 Existing Condition of Public Toilet Infrastructure in the City 66 4.8.4 Operational Public Toilets 67 4.8.5 Number of Toilet Seats 69 4.8.6 Urinals 69 4.8.7 User Charges 70 4.8.8 Users Per day 72 4.8.9 Revenue from the user Charges 73 4.8.10 Capital cost of the Toilet Blocks 75 4.8.11 Policy Level work for Public Toilets in Haridwar 77 4.9 Type of operation and maintenance system 78 4.10 Demand and Supply Assessment of Public toilets in Haridwar 78 4.10.1 Demand 79 4.10.2 Demand and gap in population Terms 79 4.10.3 Temporary Toilets 80 4.11 Survey Method 81 4.11.1 Visitors Survey Analysis 82 4.11.2 Shopkeepers and vendors Survey Analysis 82 4.12 Issues Related to Public Toilets 83 CHAPTER 5 85 Strategies for better Performance of Public Toilets 85 5.1 Public Toilet Strategy for HaridwarCity 85 5.2 Governing Authority 85 5.3Management and Operation Strategy 86 4.2 Location and Type of Toilet Blocks 87 5.4 Financial Strategy 89 5.5 Rejuvenate Monitoring and Strengthen Accountability 93 5.6 Strategy for Melas and Occasions 93 5.7 Mapping of the Toilets Signages 93 Bibliography 94 Annexure 97