Table of contents Chapter 1: public transport in small and medium towns 7 1.1 introduction 7 1.2 rationale / justification: 7 1.3 key research questions and objectives 8 1.3.1 research question 8 1.3.2 objectives 8 1.4 methodology 8 1.5 scope and limitations 9 Chapter 2: settlement and population size for public transport 10 2.1 settlement size 10 2.2 population size 12 2.3 viable thresholds for public transport 13 2.3.1 defining minimum settlement size for urban bus public transport & service viability 14 2.3.2 inference 14 2.4 density 14 2.4.1 key questions 15 2.4.2 bus users: what factors have the biggest impact on usage? 16 2.4.3 town size and commuting trip length 17 2.4.4 inference 18 2.5 size and density thresholds 19 2.5.1 size and density thresholds - united states 19 2.5.2 size and density thresholds - england .19 2.5.2.1 population density and annual average distance travelled 20 2.5.2.2 the effect of income on bus and car ownership found that 21 2.5.3 the united states and the united kingdom 21 2.5.4 netherlands 22 2.5.5 seattle and oslo .22 Chapter 3: literature on vehicle size, capacities, operations costs 23 Public transport for small and medium towns 3.1 vehicle size and type .23 3.2 bus capacities 23 3.3 number of buses 24 3.4 size and capacity of vehicles .25 3.4.1 explanation: 25 3.4.2 critical issues: 26 3.4.3 good practice examples: .26 3.5 size and operating speed 27 3.6 bus size and traffic congestion 27 3.7 size and maintenance 28 3.8 bus types .28 3.9 appearance and age of vehicles 29 3.10 contracts 29 3.11 operating cost of buses .30 Chapter 4: indian scenario 32 4.1 study of indian cities 32 4.2 city size and transport modes 34 4.3 relationship developed for average trip length vs area of city 35 4.4 trip rates .35 4.4.1 mode choice and income 39 4.5 fleet determinants 40 4.5.1 conclusions 42 4.6 public transport in karnataka .42 4.7 comparison of public transport in karnataka and gujarat cities 43 4.7.1 conclusions 46 4.8 shape of the city 46 4.9 trip lengths 47 4.10 conclusions: .48 4.11 impacts of institutional arrangements .48 Chapter 5: study area and description 49 5.1 case study mehsana .49 5.1.1 dis advantages .50 Public transport for small and medium towns Page 3 5.1.2 advantages .50 5.2 case study patan 51 5.2.1 fare chart of bus and autos in patan 51 5.2.2 comparison of mehsana and patan bus service 52 5.2.3 dis advantages. 52 5.2.4 advantages .53 5.3 case study unjha .53 5.3.1 fare chart in unjha 53 5.3.2 demand assessment 53 Chapter 6: mode evaluation for small and medium towns in gujarat 55 6.1 introduction 55 6.2 mode evaluation for unjha .56 6.3 networking public transport corridors 58 6.3.1 route identification .58 6.3.2 conclusions on mode selection .60 6.3.3 benefits of implementing e – rickshaw as public transport 60 6.3.3.1 feasibility of bus based public transport in unjha 61 6.4 financial resource plan for midi bus 61 6.4.1.1 capital cost - bus fleet cost 61 6.4.1.2 funding pattern 62 6.4.1.3 financial sustainability 62 6.4.1.4 revenue models 62 6.4.1.5 cost models 62 6.4.1.6 outcome of financial analysis 63 6.4.2 social, environmental & economic benefits of pt .63 Chapter 7: conclusions and recommendations 64 7.1 population and density 64 7.1.1 trip lengths trip rates and shape of the city 65 7.3 selection of fleet type and count .65 7.4 institutional setup .66 7.4.1 urban local bodies responsibilities 67 7.5 conclusions 67 Chapter 8: annexures 69