CONTENTS Acknowledgement i Preface ii CONTENTS iii - vi List of figures vii List of tables viii - ix List of maps & photos x Executive summary xi Undertaking 3 Acknowledgement 4 Chapter-1 29 Introduction 29 1.1 abstract: 29 In the traditional sense of india, purchasing and marketing have always been in the informal sector 29 1.2 background of the study: 29 1.3 growth of street vending: 30 1.4 significance of the study: 32 1.5 aim: 32 The aim of the research is to understand the problem & issues of the street vendors & why they are not continuing vending in the formal markets. 32 1.6 objectives: 32 1.7 selection of study area: criteria 32 1.8 methodology: 34 1.8.1 stage 1: literature search: 34 1.8.2 stage 2: primary source information: 34 1.8.3 stage 3: analysis of primary and secondary source information 35 1.8.4 stage 4: issue identification, proposals & recommendations 35 1.9 scope & limitations of the study 38 1.10 organization of the study: 38 Chapter 7 – economic survey discusses the most common reason for joining this profession is the low investment required. They can start by using their own savings or borrowing from friends and relatives (bhowmik, 2000). Vendors usually invest very little to start their business. 39 Chapter 2 40 Literature review 40 2.1 informal sector – the concept 40 2.6 genesis of municipal laws regarding vendors 46 2.6.1 the bombay municipal corporation act (1882) 46 2.6.2 bombay provincial municipal corporation act (1949) 46 2.7. Supreme court orders: 48 2.8. Constitutional provisions 49 2.9. Policy provisions for vendors in india 49 2.9.1 case studies: 49 2.11 issues: 51 Chapter-3 53 About the npusv policy 53 3.1 rationale: 53 3.2 national policy for urban street vendors, 2004 54 3.2.1 basic objectives of the national policy for urban street vendors 54 3.2.2 demarcation of vending zones 55 The demarcation of the " vending zones free of restrictions ", " restricted vending zones " and " no vending zones' must be specific city / town. To ensure that master plans / development of the city / town with adequate space for street vendors to run their activities , they should adhere to the following guidelines: 55 3.2.2 implementation mechanism for vending provisions 56 3.3 . Present status of national policy on urban street vendors in india 58 3.3.1the street vendors (protection of livelihood and regulation of street vending) bill, 2014 58 3.4 major issues: 58 Chapter-4 61 Delhi: an insight of street vending 61 4.1 demographic growth of delhi 61 4.2 trend of urbanization in delhi 1901-2001 62 4.3 vendors in delhi 64 4.4 delhi master plan provisions 66 4.4.1.1 context of vending 67 4.4.1.2 norms and standards 67 4.4.2 master plan of delhi, perspective 2021 68 4.5 status of master plan provisions 70 4.5.1 organization & groups active in the surveyed sites 70 4.5.2 tehbazari licensing mechanism 71 Chapter-5 72 Study area 72 5.1 delhi administration 72 5.1.1 demographic profile: delhi & ndmc 73 5.2 introduction to the survey sites: 74 5.2.1 chandni chowk market 74 5.2.2historyofchandnichowk 75 5.2.3 chandni chowk as a business center 77 5.3 tilak nagar market 82 5.4 status of vending provisions in the surveyed sites 85 5.5 organization & groups active in the surveyed sites 85 Chapter- 6 86 Socio- economic survey 86 6. Primary survey analysis – vendor questionnaire survey 86 6.1 socio – economic survey 86 6.2 general background 86 6.2.1 migration streams of vendors 86 6.1.1 gender – wise distribution of vendors 90 6.1.2 age – wise distribution of vendors 91 The high rate of marital status of providers indicates that most of them should be in the 20 + years old. In chandni chowk, 74% of vendors were in the age group of 24-43 years, while 23.5% were under 53. One finds that in tilak nagar, 76% were between the age group 27 and 46. Delhi had 30 percent in the age group of 21-30 years and 51% in the age group of 31-50 years. Therefore, we have a majority in the group below 38 years of age. In other words, the overwhelming majority, ie, 89.5% belonged to the age group of 24-45 years old. Interestingly, our sample did not cover anyone above 45 years old in this city, as there were only a handful of them. Looking at the middle age group, you can see that most of the street vendors in these two markets were in the productive age group of 25-55 years. This also indicates why there is a high proportion of married sellers. On the other hand, there are fewer vendors in the older age groups. 92 6.1.3 education level and activity type 93 6.1.4 household size 96 3% have a household size of 4 or less. The average household size was 5.34, almost 5. 96 6.1.5 earning members in the family 97 6.1.6 major items sold by vendors 98 6.1.7 duration of stay of the vendors 100 Chapter- 7 102 Economic survey 102 7.1 primary survey analysis – vendor questionnaire survey 102 7.1.1 economic profile of vendors 102 7.1.2 initial investment for starting a vending unit 102 7.1.3 monthly income of vendors 104 7.1.4 monthly expenditure of vendors 105 7.7 monthly savings of vendors 108 7.8 distance travelled by vendors daily 109 7.9 house ownership 110 7.9.2 loan availability and repayment arrangements 110 7.10 conclusion: 112 Chapter-8 113 Vending space & perception analysis 113 8.1 spatial aspects of vending 113 8.1.1 structural condition 113 8.1.2 size of vending units 114 8.2 duration of stay in the market 117 8.3 terms & conditions of vending in study area 118 8.4 level of satisfaction of vendors 119 8.4.1 overall satisfaction level of vendors 119 8.4.2 preference to bring children into the same occupation 120 8.4.3 preference for relocation 120 8.5 user perception 121 8.6 personal interviews with trade associations & rwas 122 8.6.1 consultation methodology 122 8.6.1.3 policy level issues 124 Although delhi master plan, 2001 and 2021 provide perspective planning regulations for housing hawking use in different areas. 124 8.7 major findings: 125 Chapter-9 126 Interventions and responses 126 9.1 observations during the collection of primary data 126 9.2 during the field visit, the following observations were made -: 126 9.2.1 fgd discussions- 126 9.2.2 concept of natural markets 127 9.2.3 problem faced during data collection 127 9.2.4 general observations 127 9.2.5 removal of unauthorized vendors and implementation of national policy on urban street vendors 9.3 major findings 128 9.4 final comments 128 9.5. Provision of proper vending space to avoid conflict with customers 129 9.6 conclusion 132 9.7. Strategies: 133 1. Need for a holistic approach: 133 2. Legalising vendors: 136 Bibliography: 139 Appendix i: questionnaire for vendors 143 Appendix ii: questionnaire for users 151 Appendix iii: questionnaire for vendor 153 Association/union 153