CONTENTS List of figures iv List of tables v List of maps v List of annexures vi Abbreviations vii Executive summary viii Chapter 1:introduction 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Research background 2 1.3. Research problem & rationale 4 1.4. Research objectives 7 1.4.1. Aim 7 1.4.2. Objectives 7 1.4.3. Key research questions 7 1.4.4. Specific research questions 7 1.5. Hypothesis 8 1.6. Research design and methodology 8 1.7. Data collection: approach and methodology 12 1.7.1. Secondary data collection 12 1.7.2. Primary data collection 12 1.8. Expected outcomes 15 1.9. Scope & limitations 15 1.10. Thesis outline 16 Chapter 2: travel behaviour and mode share- a review of literature 18 2.1. Key terminologies 18 2.2. Understanding travel demand and travel behaviour 19 2.3. Factors influencing travel behaviour 20 2.3.1. Location, land uses and distance 20 2.3.2. Availability of transport mode 20 2.3.3. Income 21 2.3.4. Vehicle ownership 21 2.3.5. Work schedule 22 2.3.6. Urban structure 22 2.3.7. Travel time/delay 23 2.3.8. Travel cost 23 2.4. Travel mode choice for workers 23 2.5. Travel behaviour and public transport 24 2.5.1. Importance of public transport 24 2.5.2. Urban transport trends and challenges in india 25 2.6. Importance of mode choice for transit systems 26 2.7. Conceptual framework 28 Chapter 3:introduction to the study area 30 3.1. City profile 30 3.2. Urban form and transportation in ahmedabad 31 3.2.1. Urban form 31 3.2.2. Vehicular growth 33 3.2.3. Travel characteristics 33 3.3. Public transportation in ahmedabad 34 3.4. Survey area selection 35 3.5. Profile of vatva industrial area 38 Chapter 4:travel behaviour of workers 40 4.1. Introduction 40 4.2. Socio-economic profile of workers in vatva industrial area 42 4.3. Travel characteristics of workers in commuting daily trips 43 4.3.1. Modal split 43 4.3.2. Modal split of workers by occupation 45 4.4. Mode choice analysis- factors affecting mode choice 47 4.4.1. Trip length and mode choice 47 4.4.2. Vehicle ownership and mode choice 50 4.4.2.1. Vehicle ownership & mode choice of laborers 51 4.4.2.2. Vehicle ownership & mode choice of staff & technicians 52 4.4.3. Income & mode choice 53 4.4.4. Travel cost and mode choice 55 4.4.5. Travel time and mode choice 56 4.4.6. Trip frequency and mode choice 57 4.4.7. Impact of trip characteristics on mode choice 58 4.5. Strength of factors influencing mode choice decisions 59 4.6. Summing up 61 Chapter 5: impact of travel behaviour on transit mode share 63 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. Mode shift analysis 64 5.2.1. Mode shift for laborers 66 5.2.2. Mode shift for staff & technicians 67 5.3. Impact of mode choice on transit usage 68 Chapter 6:key finding & conclusions 70 1.1. Key findings 70 1.2. Conclusions and future research 72 Bibliography 74 Annexures 78