Contents: Executive summary VIII Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Need of the Study 3 1.3 Research question 4 1.4 Aim 4 1.5 Objective 4 1.6 Methodology 4 1.7 Scope and Limitation 7 1.8 Rational for Choosing Ghats 8 Chapter 2: Profile of the city 9 2.1 Introduction of the City 10 2.2 Population 11 2.3 Tourist Inflow 11 2.4 Tourist Destination 12 2.5 Administrative Zones 16 2.6 Institutional Framework 17 2.7 Solid Waste Management Infrastructure 20 2.8. Funding Details 26 2.9 Various Campaigns 28 2.10Review of GAP 29 Chapter 3: Profile of Ghats and Area along It: 32 A. Profile of ghats 33 3.1 Harishchandra Ghat 35 3.1.1 Introduction 35 3.1.2 Present Scenario 36 3.1.3 Profiling Of Activities 36 3.1.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats37 3.1.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation .38 3.1.6 Role of NGOs 38 3.2 Dasashwamedh Ghat 39 3.2.1 Introduction 39 3.2.2 Present Scenario 40 3.2.3 Profiling Of Activities 40 3.2.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats 41 3.2.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation 42 3.2.6 Role of NGOs 43 3.3 Manikarnika Ghat 44 3.3.1 Introduction 44 3.3.2 Present Scenario 45 3.3.3 Profiling Of Activities 45 3.3.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats 46 3.3.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation 47 3.3.6 Role of NGOs 48 3.4 Lalita Ghat 48 3.4.1 Introduction 48 3.4.2 Present Scenario 49 3.4.3 Profiling Of Activities 49 3.4.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats 50 3.4.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation 51 3.4.6 Role of NGOs 51 3.5 Scindhia Ghat 52 3.5.1 Introduction 52 3.5.2 Present Scenario 52 3.5.3 Profiling Of Activities 53 3.5.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats 54 3.5.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation 54 3.5.6 Role of NGOs 54 3.6 Gai Ghat 55 3.6.1 Introduction 55 3.6.2 Present Scenario 56 3.6.3 Profiling Of Activities 56 3.6.4 Scenario of Solid Waste on Ghats 56 3.6.5 Role of Varanasi Municipal Corporation 57 3.6.6 Role of NGOs 58 B. Profile of Residential Area along the ghats 58 B.1 Area along Lalita ghat 59 B.2 Area along Scindhia ghat 61 B.3 Area along Gai ghat 64 Chapter 4: Surveys and Investigations 66 4.1 Need of Survey 67 4.2 Sample Size and Distribution 67 4.3 Survey Location 70 4.4 Field Observation 76 4.5 Key Issues 87 Chapter 5: Challenges and Solutions 88 Bibliography 94 Annexure.96 Dissertation: