Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 7 1. FORMULATING THE RESEARCH: 7 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: 8 1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY: 9 1.3 AIM 10 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 10 1.5 OBJECTIVES: 10 1.6 SELECTION OF SECTOR (MAIZE STARCH INDUSTRY): 11 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: 13 1.8 METHODOLOGY: 14 CHAPTER 2 16 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE STUDY: 16 2.1 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP & RELEVANT POLICIES: 24 2.1.1 MNRE AT CENTRAL LEVEL: 25 2.1.2 GEDA AT STATE LEVEL NODAL AGENCY: 28 CHAPTER 3 29 STUDY AREA AND SECTOR DESCRIPTION: 29 3.1 WASTE TO ENERGY POTENTIALS IN INDIA: 29 3.2 MAIZE STARCH INDUSTRY: 30 3.3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS: 31 3.4 APPLICATION OF VARIOUS PRODUCTS: 34 3.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE: 35 3.6 BIOGAS/POWER POTENTIAL OF MAIZE: 36 3.7 POWER GENERATION POTENTIAL FROM INDUSTRIAL SECTORS: 37 3.8 FUTURE SCENARIO OF MAIZE STARCH SECTOR: 38 3.9 INDUSTRIAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: 38 3.10 MICROBIOLOGY OF THE PROCESS: 39 3.11 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES: 40 3.12 IMPORTANCE OF BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY: 41 3.13 HIGH WASTE TO ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS 42 3.14 APPLICABILITY OF BIOMETHANATION TREATMENT 44 3.15 SUITABILITY OF BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY: 46 3.16 ECONOMIC VIABLITY OF BIOMETHANATON TECHNOLGY: 47 3.17 R&D ACTIVITIES: 47 3.18 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING STRATEGIES: 47 3.19 CDM POTENTIAL OF BIOMETHANATION SECTOR 48 3.20 INDIAN INDUSTRIES TOWARDS WASTE TO ENERGY 48 CHAPTER 4 49 MAIZE STARCH INDUSTRIES IN GUJARAT 49 4.1 CASE STUDIES: 49 4.1.1 BIOGAS ENGINE PROJECT: 50 4.1.2 BIOMETHANATION PROJECT: 51 4.2 SAYAJI INDUSTRIES LIMITED 53 4.2.1 MAIZE STARCH DERIVED PRODUCTS: 53 4.2.2POWER POTENTIAL FROM LIQUID WASTE: 53 4.3 RIDDHI SIDDHI GLUCO BIOLS LIMITED 54 4.3.1 MAIZE STARCH DERIVED PRODUCTS 54 4.3.2 BIOGAS POTENTIAL 55 4.4 GUJARAT AMBUJA EXPORTS LIMITED 56 4.4.1 MAIZE STARCH DERIVED PRODUCTS 56 4.4.2 POWER POTENTIAL FROM LIQUID WASTE: 57 4.5 SEASONAL VARIATION OF WASTE: 57 4.6 SOURCE OF EFFLUENT 58 4.7 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT PROCESS: 59 4.7.1 UASB DIGESTER: 61 4.7.2 INLET: 62 4.7.3 OUTLET: 62 4.7.4 EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS: 63 4.7.5 GPCB STANDARDS/NORMS: 64 4.7.6 BIOGAS CHARACTERISTICS: 65 4.8 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY 66 4.8.1 TECHNOLOGY ALREADY IN PLACE FOR COLLECTION OF BIOGAS: 66 4.8.2 NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO BE ADOPTED FOR THE POWER GENERATION FROM BIOGAS AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER PROJECT: 68 4.8.2.1 TECHNOLOGY FOR DESULPHURIZATION OF BIOGAS / BIOSCRUBBING SYSTEM: 68 4.8.2.2 TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: 70 4.8.2.3WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER: 71 4.9 FINANCIALVIABILITY OF SAYAJI INDUSTRIES LIMITED 71 4.9.1 BIOMETHANATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE GENERATED FROM STARCH INDUSTRY 71 4.9.2 POWER GENERATION FROM BIOGAS AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILER PROJECT 76 4.10 FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF RIDDHI SIDDHI GLUCO BIOLS LIMITED 82 4.10.1 BIOMETHANATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE GENERATED FROM STARCH INDUSTRY 82 4.11 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM / CARBON CREDIT CALCULATION: 87 4.12 RIDDHI SIDDHI GLUCO BIOLS LIMITED (RSGBL): 87 4.12.1 PURPOSE: 87 4.12.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS: 88 4.12.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: 88 4.12.4 PROJECT ACTIVITY: 89 4.12.5 SELECTION OF THE TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT: 89 4.12.6 BASELINE SCENARIO: 93 4.12.7 BASELINE SCENARIO AND PROJECT ACTIVITY 94 4.12.8 FINANCIAL: 98 4.12.9EMISSION REDUCTIONS: 98 4.12.10 SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED EMISSION REDUCTION: 101 CHAPTER 5 103 CONCLUSIONS 103 5.1 POTENTIALS: 103 5.2 OPPORTUNITIES: 104 5.3 CHALLENGES: 105 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS: 105 5.4.1 AIR POLLUTION: 105 5.4.2 WATER POLLUTION: 105 5.4.3 NOISE POLLUTION: 106 5.4.4 SOLID WASTE: 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 ANNEXURE: 1: LIST OF WASTE - TO ENERGY PROJECTS UPTO 31-3-2012 110 ANNEXURE 2: QUESTIONNAIRE 116