Certificate i Undertaking .ii Acknowledgement ..iii Executive Summary civ Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 15 1.1 Background of the Study 15 1.1.1 A global overview of internal displacement: 15 i. Regional distribution 16 ii. Causes of displacement: 17 1.1.4 Internal displacement in South and South-East Asia 18 1.1.5. Protection concerns: 19 b. Need for the study: 19 1.3 Aim 20 1.4 Research questions and objectives: 20 1.5 Scope 24 1.6 Limitations 24 1.7 Methodology: 24 1.7.1 Pre-field work methodology: 25 1.7.2 Field work methodology 26 1.7.3 Post Field Methodology 28 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 30 2.1 Key definitions 30 2.2 Return 33 2.3 Resettlement 34 2.4 Definition of an IDP 34 2.5 Factors of internal displacement that tend to heighten protection risks 34 2.6 Factors of internal displacement that tend to heighten protection risks 35 2.7 Basic necessities to be provided to IDPs after displacement: 36 2.8 Impacts of displacement: 37 2.9 Synopsis of the Conflict-induced Internal Displacement in the Context of India 40 3. STUDY AREA: 43 3.1 Internally displaced people in Jammu and Kashmir: 43 3.1.1 Summary of the Conflict-induced Internal Displacement in the Context of ?\Jammu and Kashmir 43 3.1.2 Exodus and Displacement- Socio political reasons: 44 3.1.3 Magnitude of Kashmiri Pandits in Jammu and Kashmir and other places: 47 3.1.4 Magnitude of Kashmiri migrants from the places of origin 47 3.1.5 Relief and Rehabilitation Organization: 48 3.1.6 Figures at the time of displacement, ending Nov 1990 50 3.1.7 Prime ministers return and rehabilitation package: 51 3.1.7 Budget 54 3.1.8 Statement showing no. of registered migrant families in Jammu and Kashmir 55 3.1.9 Age Structure of migrant families in Jammu and Kashmir: 56 3.1.10 Literacy of migrant families in Jammu and Kashmir: 56 3.1.11 Occupation structure of migrant families in Jammu and Kashmir 57 3.1.12 Migrant Camps in Jammu and Kashmir: 57 3.2 Internally displaced people in Jammu city 58 3.2.1 Historical background of Jammu city: 58 3.2.2 Regional settings 58 3.2.3 Location and approach 59 3.2.4 Demography 60 3.2.5 Magnitude of Kashmiri Pandits in Jammu: 60 3.2.6 Resettlement colonies in Jammu: 61 3.2.7 Infrastructure provided: 61 iv Water Supply: 62 v Power: 62 vi Sanitation: 62 4. PRIMARY SURVEY ANALYSIS: 65 4.1 Need for Sampling: 65 4.2 Sampling methodology: 65 4.4 Gender composition; Family type; Place of stay .Before and after displacement: 68 4.5 Occupation structure and Income: Before and after displacement: 69 4.6 Education status 70 4.7 Technical skills 70 4.8 Branch wise percentage of polytechnic diploma and engineering graduates: 71 4.9 Artisanal/Home Based Skills: 71 4.10 Registered Vs unregistered/ Relief vs. non-relief (on basis of various parameters) 71 4.11 Income vs. Expenditure 73 Hence at the end of it we conclude that: 76 4.12 Un-employment and potential employment 76 4.13 Coping mechanisms: 78 4.14 Resettlement package response: 82 5 INFERENCES 87 5.1 Inferences and recommendations 87 Works Cited 100 Bibliography 102 STANDARD OF LIVING 107