TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate Undertaking Acknowledgement Table of Contents List of Abbreviations List of Tables List of Figures Executive summary1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background4 1.2 Need for study4 1.3 Research question.5 1.4 Aim5 1.5 Objectives 5 1.6 Scope and limitations 5 1.7 Methodology .6 1.8 Analytical framework 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Various international slums up-gradation policies 2.1.1 An analytical framework for urban upgrading: Property rights, property values and physical attribute 8 2.1.2 UN-Habitat - challenge of slums 8 2.1.3 Policy Constraints on Planning Land For Low-Income Groups in Karachi .8 2.2 Slum up-gradation policies in India 2.2.1 National draft slum policy 9 2.2.2 Urban basic services programme .9 2.2.3 Sites and services .9 2.2.4 Urban slum improvement project in Gujarat A success story 10 2.3 Slum sanitation and up - gradation schemes in Gujarat and Ahmedabad 2.3.1 Urban slum report - the case of Ahmedabad, India .10 2.3.2 Nirmal Gujarat Low Cost Sanitation Programme 10 2.3.3 90 10 Individual Toilet Scheme 12 2.3.4 Slum Networking Project 14 2.3.5 The 500 NOC Scheme Mission 16 2.3.6 Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (EIUS) 17 2.3.7 Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS) 17 2.3.8 Urban Basic Services 18 2.3.9 Slum Redevelopment Scheme 19 Chapter 3: Study Area and Description (Ahmedabad) 3.1 Selection of the study area 20 3.2 History 22 3.3 Location 22 3.4 Demography 22 3.5 Slum profile of the city 23 3.5.1 Level of Sanitation in Ahmedabad city 24 3.6 Slum sanitation and up-gradation schemes in Ahmedabad 25 3.7 Primary Survey 3.7.1 Sampling methods 28 3.7.2 Slum overview 28 Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Inferences 4.1 Data analysis with schemes as the parameters 4.1.1 Slum networking Programme 4.1.1.1 Access to toilet 35 4.1.1.2 Water supply 36 4.1.1.3 Drainage 38 4.1.1.4 Maintenance 39 4.1.2 90 10 individual toilet scheme 4.1.2.1 Access to toilet 39 4.1.2.2 Water supply 41 4.1.2.3 Drainage 42 4.1.2.4 Maintenance 43 4.1.3 Nirmal Gujarat low cost sanitation programme 4.1.3.1 Access to toilet 44 4.1.3.2 Water supply 45 4.1.3.3 Drainage 47 4.1.3.4 Maintenance 48 4.2 Data analysis with sanitation indicators as the parameters 4.2.1 Access to toilet 49 4.2.2 Water supply 50 4.2.3 Drainage 52 4.2.4 Maintenance of services 53 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusions54 5.2 Recommendation55 References60 Annexure.6