Table of Contents Abbreviations 28 1. Introduction 29 1.1 Background 29 1.2 Need for Study 30 1.3 Aim 30 1.4 Objective 31 1.5 Research Questions 31 1.6 Scope and Limitation 31 1.7 Methodology 31 2. Literature Review 33 2.1 Energy Poverty 33 2.2 Energy Access 35 2.3 Energy Access and MDGs 36 2.4 Slum Electrification 39 2.5 Barriers of Electricity Access in Urban Slums 42 3. Electricity access in slums: Ahmedabad 44 3.1 The City: Urban Context 44 3.2 Slum Scenario 46 3.3 Electricity Service Provider 48 3.4 Slum Electrification 49 3.4.1 Methodology 49 3.4.2 Evolution of Slum Electrification: 50 3.4.3. Slum Electrification Program: 51 3.5Assessment of Electricity Access Scenario 59 3.6 Barriers and Enabling Environment: 59 3.7 Findings: 63 4. Electricity access in slums: Baroda 64 4.1 The City: Urban Context 64 4.2 Slum Scenario 65 4.3 Electricity Service Provider 67 4.4 Slum Electrification 67 4.4.1.Methodology 67 4.4.2 Evolution of Slum Electrification 69 4.4.3 Slum Electrification 70 4.5 Assessment of Electricity Access Scenario 72 4.6 Barriers and Enabling Environment 73 4.7 Findings 74 5 CONCLUSION 76 ANNEXURE 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 90