Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Eco- Innovation And Ecopreneural Opportunity 3 1.3 Need of the Study 4 1.4 Aim 6 1.5 Research Questions and Objectives 6 1.6 Scope and Limitations 6 1.7 Methodology 7 Chapter 2. Literature Review 13 2.1 Ecopreneurs 13 2.1.1 Definition 13 2.1.2 Types of Ecopreneurs 15 2.2 Power sector and Rural Electrification 17 2.2.1 Indian Energy Sector Overview 17 2.2.2 History of Power Sector 18 2.2.3 Current Power Scenario 18 2.2.4 Energy Demand Supply Scenario 19 2.2.5 Rural electrification and Renewable Energy 22 2.2.6 Rural electrification disparity across states. 24 2.2.7 Renewable energy solution 25 2.2.8 Energy Sector and Ecopreneural opportunity 26 2.2.9 Ecopreneurs development in India 33 2.3 Legal Framework 34 2.3.1 International Protocols and Agenda 34 2.3.2 Power Industry Structure in India 35 2.3.3 Legal and Regulatory Environment 36 2.3.4 Barriers and Drivers of Ecopreneurs related to Renewable Energy 39 Chapter 3. Bihar- Electricity Profile 45 3.1 Physical Features 45 3.2 Socio- Economic Profile 46 3.3 Energy Sector Overview 47 3.4 Development of Electric Supply In Bihar During Five Plan Year 47 3.5 Current Scenario 50 3.5.1 Existing Power Stations In Bihar?State Owned 50 3.5.2 Transmission and Distribution systems 52 3.6 Energy Demand and Supply scenario 53 3.7 Electricity access 55 3.7.1 Rural electrification 56 3.8 Renewable Energy 56 3.9 Renewable Energy Solutions and Policy Environment 57 3.9.1 Off-grid renewable energy system 57 3.9.2 Stand Alone System- Isolated Technologies 59 3.9.3 On-grid Renewable Energy Solutions 59 Chapter 4. RES- Case Study 63 4.1 Off- Grid Solution- Village Minigrids 65 4.1.1 Gasifier Based Biomass Plant- Saran Renewable Energy 65 4.1.2 Gasifier Based Biomass Plant- Husk Power 70 4.1.3 Gasifier Based Biomass Plant- DESI Power 75 4.1.4 Biogas Based Plant- Savitri Renewable Energy Pvt limited 82 4.2 Off grid Solution- Stand Alone System 83 4.2.1 Selco Nidan Solar Project 83 Greenpeace 86 Claro Sustainable Cleantech Solutions 87 4.3 On- Grid System- Feed-in Tariff 89 4.3.1 Combustion based biomass plant- Kumar Bio Tech 89 4.3.2 Combustion based biomass plant -PTC Bermaco 91 4.3.3 Solar Thermal power plant- Indsolar 93 Chapter 5. Analysis and Interpretation 96 5.1 Environmental Impacts 97 5.1.1 Off-Grid System- Village Minigrids 97 5.1.2 Stand Alone System 99 5.1.3 Feed-in-Tariff System 100 5.2 Socio-economic analysis 102 5.2.1 Off-Grid System Village Minigrids 102 5.2.2 Stand-alone system 104 5.2.3 Feed-in-Tariff System 105 5.3 Financial Aspects 106 5.3.1 Economic Viability 106 5.3.2 Other Financial Aspects and Stakeholders 110 5.4 Analysis of Market and Distribution Models 111 5.4.1 Human Resource 115 5.5 Analysis of Business Models The technological Aspects 115 5.6 Gaps Faced by Ecopreneurs 125 Chapter 6. Conclusion 127 6.1 Findings 127 6.2 Constraint and Opportunity 131 Annexure 1 - Ecopreneurs Development in India Annexure 2 - Household Coverage Detail in Husk power plant Annexure 3 - Sample analysis of Break-even Period Annexure 4 - Substructure questionnaire for ecopreneurs