Contents Acknowledgement i Executive Summary v Table of Contents vii List of Tables x List of Figures xi List of Boxes xi List of Graphs xi List of Acronyms xii Measurement Units and Symbols xiv 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Context 1 1.2. Need for the study 2 1.3. Aim 2 1.4. Objectives 2 1.5. Limitations of the study 3 1.6. Methodology 3 1.7. Research Design 4 1.8. Sampling Design 5 2 Urban Water Management in India: Issues and Challenges 6 2.1 Overview 6 2.2 Government of India Initiative 9 2.3 Private sector Participation in Urban Water Supply 11 2.4 The bane of Non-Revenue Water 14 2.4.1 Why is NRW not being addressed 17 2.5 State Level initiatives 19 2.5.1 Maharashtra's Sujal Nirmal Abhiyan (MSNA) 19 2.6 Best practices of water utilities in reducing NRW 22 2.6.1 Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA), Cambodia 22 2.6.2 Malkapur, Maharashtra 25 3 Urban Water Management in Andhra Pradesh 27 3.1 Urbanization in Andhra Pradesh 27 3.2 Water Resources in Andhra Pradesh 28 3.2.1 Surface Water Resources 29 3.2.2 Ground Water Resources 30 3.3 Urban Water Management in Andhra Pradesh 30 3.3.1 Source of Drinking water in ULBs in AP 31 3.3.2 Level of water supply 31 3.3.3 Frequency of water supply 31 3.3.4 Duration of Water Supply 32 3.4 Performance of major ULBs of the state 32 3.4.1 Schemes and Programmes for Water Supply Services 34 3.4.2 District wise Assessment of ULBs 35 3.5 Andhra Pradesh Budget for Urban Development 38 3.6 Major Issues 40 4 Introduction to the Study Area 41 4.1 Case Study Selection 41 4.2 Area Delineation 42 4.3 Municipal Governance 43 4.4 State of Finances 43 4.4.1 Revenue Account: 44 4.4.2 Capital Account 44 4.5 State of Water Supply 45 4.5.1 Service Coverage 46 4.5.2 Tariff Structure. 47 4.5.3 Water Supply Budget: 50 5 User?s Response to Water supply services 52 5.1 Household Survey Analysis 53 5.1.1 Income Levels: 53 5.1.2 Status of Water Supply 54 5.1.3 Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators 55 5.1.4 Frequency of Breakdowns 56 5.2 Observations from the survey 57 5.3 Bulk Water Supply in Visakhapatnam 58 5.3.1 Financial Performance 62 5.3.2 Major hindrances in the project execution 64 5.4 Conclusion 65 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 66 6.1 Summary of findings 66 6.2 Recommendations 68 7 References 71 8 Annexure 74 8.1 Annexure -1: Questionnaire for Household 74