Table of Contents 1. Formulating the Research 1 1.1. Rationale 1 1.2. Introduction 2 1.3. Conceptual framework 4 1.4. Research questions 5 1.5. Aim 6 1.6. Objectives 6 1.7. Methodology 7 2. Shelter-Livelihood-Transport links in literature 11 2.1. Transport and the urban poor 11 2.2. Gender 12 2.3. Location 13 2.4. Livelihood 14 2.5. Transport patterns and transport constraints 15 2.6. Policy 18 2.7. Emergent questions, gaps in literature 20 3. Study Area and Context 21 3.1. Urban transport in Indian cities 21 3.2. The choice of Bangalore as a study area 22 3.3. Bangalore: Morphology and Land Use characteristics 22 3.4. Bangalore: city growth and impact on livelihoods 24 3.5. Slums, institutions involved and tenure security 25 3.6. Urban Transport in Bangalore 26 3.7. Location of slums surveyed in Bangalore 29 4. Travel characteristics 31 4.1. Frequently Used Terms 31 4.2. Methodology: Sampling 32 4.3. Methodology: Data Collected 32 4.4. Sample Profile 33 xi | P a g e Households 34 Individuals 35 Shelter 35 Livelihoods 37 Transport 40 5. Finding links between shelter, livelihood and transport 44 5.1. Overall Links 45 5.2. Slum Location Characteristics 52 5.3. Slum-level characteristics 59 6. Discussion 65 6.1. Gendered links between livelihood, shelter and transport 65 6.2. Further study 66 6.3. Policy implications 66 7. References 68 8. Annexures i