CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF GRAPHS vii LIST OF TABLES viii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY 3 1.3 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 4 1.4 RESEARCH DESIGN 4 1.4.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 5 1.4.2 RESEARCH MATRIX 6 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 7 1.5.1 SCOPE: 7 1.5.2 LIMITATIONS: 7 1.6 THESIS STRUCTURE 7 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 VOLUNTARY TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 9 2.2 MOTIVES FOR CAR USE 11 2.3 CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION STRATEGIES 13 2.4 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT 16 2.4.1 ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT 17 3 CASE STUDY 21 3.1 CASE STUDY AREA 21 3.1.1 PRESENT TRANSPORT SCENARIO 21 3.1.2 FUTURE PLANS 22 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 23 3.2.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY 23 3.3 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY 23 3.4 DATA REQUIREMENTS 24 3.5 SURVEY DESIGN 25 3.6 SURVEY CHARACTERISTICS 26 4 DATA ANALYSIS 28 4.1 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES ACCORDING TO AGE 28 4.1.1 MOTIVES FOR CAR USE 28 4.1.2 BARRIERS AGAINST USING PUBLIC TRANSPORT 31 4.1.3 VOLUNTARY TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 32 4.1.4 INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED 33 4.1.5 ROLE OF PRICING MEASURES 35 4.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES ACCORDING TO INCOME 36 4.2.1 MOTIVES FOR CAR USE 37 4.2.2 BARRIERS AGAINST USING PUBLIC TRANSPORT 38 4.2.3 VOLUNTARY TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 39 4.2.4 INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED 40 4.2.5 ROLE OF PRICING MEASURES 41 4.3 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES ACCORDING TO GENDER 42 4.3.1 MOTIVES FOR CAR USE 42 4.3.2 BARRIERS AGAINST USING PUBLIC TRANSPORT 43 4.3.3 VOLUNTARY TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 44 4.3.4 INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED 45 4.3.5 ROLE OF PRICING MEASURES 46 4.4 SUSTAINABLE CAR USE 46 4.5 SUMMARY 47 5 CONCLUSIONS 50 5.1 ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS 50 5.2 ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 51 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 52 7 ANNEXURE 53 7.1 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 53