Contents CERTIFICATE 2 UNDERTAKING 3 DISCLAIMER 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 LIST OF TABLES 8 LIST OF FIGURES 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12 1. INTRODUCTION 14 1.1 PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT IN INDIA 14 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM: 15 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: 16 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 16 1.5 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK: 16 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION 17 1.7 CHAPTER SCHEME: 17 2 PERFROMANCE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSIT: 19 2.2 Transit Performance Analysis. 19 2.3 PARAMETERS TO DEFINE THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT 22 2.3.1 Parameters for operational performance 23 2.3.2 Parameters for financial performance 24 2.3.3 Parameters for quality of survey analysis 25 2.4 CONCLUSION: 27 3 DATA COLLECTION &ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 279 3.1 INTRODUCTION 29 3.2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 29 3.2.1 PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE 23 3.2.2 SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION 24 3.2.3 SURVEY CENTRE LOCATION 30 3.2.4 ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 34 3.3 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 35 3.3.1 DATA COLLECTION 36 3.3.2 ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 36 4 CITY PROFILE: KOLKATA 37 4.2 BACKGROUND 37 4.3 Demographic Profile 38 4.4 Economic Profile 38 4.5 Socio - Economic Characteristic 40 4.6 Transportation: 40 4.6.1 Travel Characteristics 40 4.6.2 Public Transport 41 4.6.3 Bus Transport 42 4.7 CONCLUSION 46 5 OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUTION 47 5.2 OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 47 5.2.1 SHARE OF STUs IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND EFFECTIVE KILOMETER OPERATED 47 5.2.2 OVERAGE BUSES AND FLEET UTILISATION 48 5.2.3 VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY 50 5.2.4 LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY & STAFF TO BUS RATIO 51 5.2.5 LOAD FACTOR& ROUTE PLANNING 52 5.2.6 PERCENTAGE OF CANCELLATION OF SCHEDULED KILOMETERS 53 5.3 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 53 5.3.1 RECOVERY OF COST OF OPERATION 53 5.3.2 MANPOWER AND FUEL COST 54 5.4 CONCLUSION 56 6 QUALITY OF SERVICE ANALYSIS 58 6.3 DEMOGRAPHICS OF CITY BUS PASSENGERS 58 6.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS OF CITY BUS PASSENGERS 60 6.4.1 ACCESSIBILITY 60 6.4.2 WAITING TIME 61 6.4.3 TRAVEL TIME &NUMBER OF INTERCHANGES 63 6.4.4 FREQUENCY 64 6.4.5 RELIABILITY 66 6.4.6 SATISFACTION AND DISSATISFACTION LEVEL. 66 6.5 CONCLUSIONS 67 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68 7.1 INTRODUCTION 68 7.2 WHAT ARE THE METHODS TO EVALUATE THE SYSTEM? 68 7.3 WHAT IS THE CURRENT STATUS OF BUS SYSTEM IN KOLKATA? 68 7.4 WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE THE SYETEM? 69 7.4.1 COST REDUCTION IN TERMS OF STAFF 69 7.4.2 IMPROVING FLEET UTILISATION . 70 6.3.3 INCREASING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY 71 6.3.4 TAPPING OF NON TRAFFIC REVENUE 71 6.3.5 MONITORING BY TOP MANAGEMENT 72 6.3.6 THE OPTION OF COMPLETE PRIVITISATION 72 ANNEXURES 73 REFERENCES 78