CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Responses to Ground Water Problems 3 1.3 Main Issues 4 1.4 Research Questions? 5 1.5 Aims & Objectives 5 1.6 Methodology 5 2 Understanding Governance 2.1 Governance 7 2.2 Water Governance 8 2.3 Ground Water Governance 9 2.4 Ground Water Management 9 2.5 Difference between Groundwater Governance & Groundwater Management 9 3 LEGAL & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF GROUNDWATER 3.1 Constitutional Framework 11 Conculsion 12 3.2 Legal Framework 12 3.2.1 The Indian Easement Act, 1882 12 3.2.2 The Model Bill 13 3.3 Conclusion 15 3.4 Ground Water Acts based on Model Bill by some States 16 3.5 Institutional Framework 17 3.5.1 At Central Level 17 3.5.2 At State Level 19 3.5.3 At Local Level 20 3.5.4 Others 20 3.6 Conclusion 21 4 Existing Trends in Ground Water Governance through Case Studies 4.1 Case Study:1 - APFAMGS (Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Ground water System) Project -Demand-Side-Mgmt-of-Water 22 4.2 Case Study:2 - Management of Groundwater Resources through Community Participation Approach in the coastal Saline Region of Gujarat 24 4.3 Case Study: 3 - Case of excessive withdrawal of ground water by coco-cola plant in Plachimada village of Palakkad district, Kerala 26 4.4 Case Study: 4 - Case of Local government regulating new wells, Andhra Pradesh, Maramreddypalli , India 28 4.5 Case Study: 5 - Case of micro-watershed methodology in Hivre Bazar, Maharashtra 29 4.6 Case Study: 6 - Andhra Pradesh Water Land and Trees Act, India 30 4.7 Case Study: 7 - Maharashtra Drinking water protection Act 30 4.8 Case Study: 8 - Gujarat's Public tube well transfer programme 30 4.9 Conclusion: 5 Gujarat's Ground Water Situation 5.1 Introduction 32 5.2 Gujarat 32 5.3 Hydro Geological Conditions 33 5.4 Rainfall Pattern 34 5.5 Sources of Water in Gujarat 35 5.6 Past History 37 5.7 Irrigation Uses of Water 37 5.8 Ground Water Development 41 5.9 Ground water Quality Problem 44 6 Policy, Regulations & Initiatives of Gujarat in Ground Water 6.1 Institutional Framework 48 6.2 Government Encouragement in GW Exploitation 50 6.3 Gujarat Water Policy, 2004 (Draft) 50 6.3 Regulation on Ground water 52 6.4.1 Direct Regulations 52 6.4.2 In- Direct Regulations 53 6.5 Government Programs/Initiatives 54 Sardar Patel Participatory Water Conservation Scheme 55 Salinity ingress prevention programme 56 DRIP Irrigation 57 Hydrology Project 57 Sujlam Suflam Projects 57 Sardar Sarovar Project 58 7 People's Participation in Ground Water Management 7.1 People's Participation 60 North Gujarat 60 Saurashtra 61 South Gujarat 61 Kachchh 61 Saline Coastal Areas 62 7.2 Case Study-1 Water Budgeting and Water Security, Kheralu taluka, Mehsana, North Gujarat. 62 7.3 Case Study-2 Groundwater Recharge - An Initiative by Vruksha Prem Seva Trust, Jamkandorana and Gondal talukas of Rajkot district, Saurashtra 64 7.4 Case Study - 3 Saline Areas- Management of Groundwater Resources through Community Participation Approach in the Costal Saline Region of Gujarat 65 7.5 Case Study-4 Kuchchh 67 Gandhigram, Kutch 68 7.6 Comparative Analysis of Five regions of Gujarat in community participation for GW Management 68 7.7 FIELD VISITS 70 1. Village- Kahsa, Visnagar, Mehsana District, North Gujarat 70 2. Bhuj - Kachchh 73 8 LEARNING'S 75 Bibliography 82