CONTENTS 1. Introduction 9 1.1. Background 9 1.2. Need of Study 10 1.3. Aim 10 1.4. Objectives 10 1.5. Research Questions 11 1.6. Methodology 11 1.7. Scope and Limitations 12 2. Literature Review 13 2.1. Tanning & Finishing Process 13 2.2. Role of developed and developing countries in the value chain of Leather Industry 15 2.2.1. Leading Leather Exporters 16 2.2.2. Leading Leather Importers 16 2.2.3. Marketing activities in the leather industry:-comparative analysis 17 2.3. Positioning Indian Leather in the Global Market 19 2.4. Indian Tanning Industry and importance of Kanpur Leather Cluster 20 2.4.1. Major production centres of leather and leather products in India 20 2.4.2. Share of different sectors in leather production in India 21 2.4.3. Employment in Various Segments in Leather Industry 21 2.4.4. International Brands sourced from India 22 2.4.5. Factors promoting growth of leather sector in India 22 2.5. Kanpur leather cluster 24 2.5.1. Emergence of Kanpur leather cluster 25 2.5.2. Cluster profile-Overview 25 2.5.3. Structure of industry 26 2.5.4. Status of Export 27 2.5.5. Reasons for the sustainability of cluster since 150yrs 28 3. Socio Economic Condition of labour households 30 3.1. Living Condition 30 3.2. Working Condition 36 4. Environmental Implication of Tanneries 42 4.1. Ground water Contamination 44 4.2. Surface water contamination and National level response 46 4.2.1. Ganga Action Plan 47 4.2.2. Status of Ganga Action Plan 1 48 4.2.3. Status of treatment plants 50 4.2.4. Status of Ganga Action plan II 52 4.3. Effect on Agriculture (soil and crops) 52 4.4. Views of Different Stakeholders 54 5. Institutional Arrangements 55 5.1. Support Institutions 55 6. Governmental Interventions 57 6.1. Schemes 57 6.2. Social Compliance 61 7. Findings & Conclusions 63 8. Bibliography 66