CONTENTS CERTIFICATE 2 UNDERTAKING 3 DISCLAIMER 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 1 FORMULATING THE RESEARCH 11 1.1 Background 11 1.2 Research questions 13 1.3 Aim 13 1.4 Objectives 13 1.5 Information system and sources 14 1.6 Analytical Framework 15 1.7 General implications/Use of the Study 17 2 ENERGY SCENARIO - WORLD & INDIA LEVEL 18 2.1 Global Energy Trends 18 2.2 Issues related to current energy usage pattern 25 2.2.1 Limited resource 25 2.2.2 Energy and environment 25 2.2.3 Energy security 25 2.3 Renewable energy sources 26 2.3.1 Hydro 26 2.3.2 Wind 27 2.3.3 Solar 27 2.3.4 Geothermal 28 2.3.5 Bio fuels 29 2.4 Energy Scenario in India 31 2.5 Energy Demand 33 2.6 Energy Supply 33 2.7 Primary Energy Requirements of India 34 2.7.1 Coal 35 2.7.2 Oil 35 2.7.3Natural Gas 36 2.8 Future scenario 36 2.9 Need to Shift to Renewables 36 3 SOLAR CITY CONCEPT & CASE STUDIES 39 3.1 Review of Global Solar City Initiatives 39 3.1.1 Solar City Initiative: America 39 3.1.2 European Solar City Initiative 41 3.1.3 Australia National Solar City Program 43 3.2 Review of global solar city Projects 43 3.2.1 Adelaide, Australia 43 3.2.2 Barcelona, Spain 44 3.2.3 Linz, Austria 45 3.2.4 Cape Town, South Africa 46 3.2.5 Daegu, Korea 46 3.2.6 Oxford, UK 47 3.2.7 Freiburg, Germany 47 3.2.8 Gelsenkirchen, Germany 48 3.2.9 Goteborg, Sweden 48 3.2.10 Gwangju, Korea 48 3.2.11 The Hague, Netherlands 49 3.2.12 Minnepolis, USA 49 3.2.13 Portland, USA 50 3.2.14 Qingdao, China 50 3.2.15 Santa Monica, USA 50 3.2.16 Solar City: Sapporo, Japan 51 3.3 Solar City Concept 53 4 PROGRAMME ON 'DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CITIES UNDER JNNSM 54 4.1 Introduction to JnNSM 55 4.2 Development of Solar Cities' Programme under JnNSM 63 5 CASE CITIES: FARIDABAD AND RAJKOT 65 5.1 Selection of Case Cities 65 5.2 City Profile 66 Faridabad 66 Rajkot 67 5.3 Analysis 69 5.3.1 Preparation of Energy baseline for the year 2008 69 5.3.2 Demand Forecasting for 2018 70 5.3.3 Sector wise strategies 70 5.3.4 Year wise goals of savings 75 5.3.5 Action Plan 76 5.4 Issues in transition to a Solar City as per the Master Plan 78 6 CONCLUSION 86 6.1 Opinion Survey 87 6.2 Programme Level Barriers and Recommendations 87 6.3 Implementation Level Barriers and Recommendations 96 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 ANNEXURE 109