CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: 12 1 INTRODUCTION 31 1.1 THE PILGRIM TOWNS AND THE CHANGING PICTURE 31 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA 33 1.2.1 LOCATION AND CONNECTIVITY 33 1.2.2 VRINDAVAN IN REGIONAL CONTEXT: 34 1.2.3 MYTHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF VRINDAVAN 35 1.2.4 VRINDAVAN- THE LAND OF GROVES AND THE PRESENT SITUATION 37 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 39 1.4 AIM, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY: 40 1.4.1 AIM: 40 1.4.2 OBJECTIVES: 40 1.4.3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 42 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 44 2.1 TOURISM 44 2.1.1 AN OVERVIEW IN HISTORY 44 2.1.2 TOURISM -THE PHENOMENON 44 2.1.3 DEFINITIONS 45 2.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM 46 2.2.1 GLOBAL ECONOMY 46 2.2.2 TOURISM IN INDIA- an overview 46 2.2.3 SHARE OF UTTAR PRADESH IN TOURISM IN INDIA 48 2.2.4 TOURISM SECTOR AS EMPLOYMENT GENERATOR 50 2.3 TYPES OF TOURISM: 50 2.4 PILGRIMAGE - RELIGIOUS TOURISM 51 2.4.1 INTRODUCTION 51 2.4.2 PILGRIMAGE AND GENERAL TOURISM 52 2.4.3 SHARE OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN GLOBAL TOURISM TRIPS: 53 2.4.4 PILGRIMAGE IN INDIA- A LOOK INTO THE HISTORY: 53 2.4.5 SHARE OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN INDIAN TOURISM TRIPS: 54 2.4.6 STATEWISE RANKING: 54 2.4.7 RANKING OF THE STUDY AREA IN PILGRIMAGE SITES IN INDIA: 55 2.4.8 RELIGIOUS TRIP AS THE NEXT MAJOR PURPOSE OF TRIP: 55 2.4.9 CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGIOUS TRIP: 56 2.5 IMPACT OF PILGRIMAGE ON THE CHARACTER OF THE TOWN: 58 2.6 CONSERVATION OF CHARACTER AND MARKET FORCES: 59 2.7 CONCLUSION: 60 3 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA: VRINDAVAN 62 3.1 AREA AND DEMOGRAPHY 62 3.1.1 AREA: 62 3.1.2 DEMOGRAPHY 62 3.2 ECONOMIC BASE 63 3.2.1 SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION: 63 3.2.2 WORK PARTICIPATION RATE: 63 3.3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TOWN 64 3.3.1 GROWTH OF THE TOWN: 64 3.3.2 PHYSICAL GROWTH DETERMINANTS OF THE TOWN: 67 3.3.3 EXISTING LAND USE 68 3.3.4 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK 70 3.3.5 MAJOR PILGRIM SPOTS WITHIN THE TOWN: 72 3.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PILGRIMAGE IN THE TOWN 74 3.4.1 PILGRIM FLOW 74 3.4.2 MAJOR FAIRS AND FESTIVALS 75 3.4.3 REASON FOR CHOOSING THE PLACE: 76 3.4.4 DURATION OF STAY: 76 3.4.5 AVERAGE GROUP SIZE: 77 3.4.6 MODE OF TRANSPORT: 77 3.4.7 PREFERENCE FOR SELECTION OF ACCOMODATION: 77 3.4.8 EXPENDITURE PATTERN OF PILGRIMS: 78 3.5 MUNICIPAL FINANCE: 80 3.5.1 DETAILS OF TOTAL INCOME (2009-10): 80 3.5.2 DETAIL OF MAJOR EXPENDITURE (2009-10): 80 3.5.3 TEMPLE TRUST: 81 3.6 PRESENT GROWTH DIRECTION OF THE TOWN: 81 3.7 CURRENT MVDA's PROPOSAL: 82 3.7.1 PRESENT REGULATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL: 82 Table 13: PRESENT REGULATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL LAND USE 82 4 ELEMENTS PORTRAYING THE PHYSICAL CHARACTER OF THE TOWN 84 4.1 ASHRAMS- 84 4.1.1 LAND-USE ALLOCATION AND BUILT CHARACTER 85 4.1.2 CASE STUDIES OF TRADITIONAL ASHRAMS: 87 4.1.3 ANALYSIS OF MODERN ASHRAMS: 91 4.2 ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER OF THE OLD TOWN: 92 4.2.1 BUILT V/S OPEN- OLD TOWN 92 4.2.2 ANALYSIS: 93 4.3 BUILT CHARACTER-OLD RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 94 4.3.1 BUILDING HEIGHTS PLAN: 94 4.3.2 THE BUILT CHARACTER OF A TYPICAL HOUSE IN FIGURES: 96 4.4 GHATS, CHHATRIS AND THE PARIKRAMA MARG: 98 4.4.1 ISSUE: 98 5 FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS 100 5.1 PROPOSAL FOR THE TOWN: 100 5.1.1 PROPOSAL IN BRIEF: 100 5.1.2 PROPOSAL IN DETAIL: 101 5.2 PILGRIM MANAGEMENT: 103 5.3 PROPOSAL FOR THE OLD TOWN 105 5.4 REDEVELOPMENT OF GHATS, CHHATRIS AND PARIKRAMA MARG: 106 5.5 DESCRIPTIVE CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSAL: 107 5.5.1 COMMERCIAL ASHRAMS/ GUEST HOUSES: 107 5.6 PROJECTED DEMAND FOR RESIDENTIAL LAND 110 5.6.1 PROJECTED NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL HOUSEHOLDS 110 5.6.2 PROJECTED DEMAND FOR RESIDENTIAL LAND USE 110 5.7 PROJECTED DEMAND FOR GREEN AREA 111 5.8 CHANGE IN LAND USE FOR 2021: 111 5.9 PROPOSED TAXATION FOR REVENUE GENERATION 112 5.9.1 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR THE YEAR 2009 112 5.9.2 SHORT TERM RECOMMENDATION- TAXATION ON PILGRIMS: 112 5.9.3 LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATION -REVENUE GENERATION BY PREMIUM FSI: 113 5.10 TENTATIVE INCOME GENERATED BY PILGRIMS: 114 5.10.1 TOTAL EXPENDITURE BY DOMESTIC PILGRIMS: 114 5.10.2 TOTAL EXPENDITURE BY FOREIGN PILGRIMS: 114 5.10.3 TOTAL INCOME GENERATED BY ALL PILGRIMS: 115 BIBLIOGRAPHY 116 ANNEXURE 118