CONTENTSCERTIFICATE i UNDERTAKING iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv Public transport in Indian city context xv Need of the Study xviii Literature Review xxi Research Study Area: xxii Research Data Analysis: xxiii Detailed Case studies of City Bus Services: Ahmedabad, Indore and Bhopal xxiv Conclusion xxvii 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Public transport in Indian city context 1 1.2. NUTP and JnNURM- Govt. of India Initiatives to Strengthen Public Transport 3 1.2.1. NUTP (National Urban Transport Policy):- 3 1.2.2. Priority to the use of public transport:- 4 1.2.3. Grants for Transportation Studies:- 5 1.2.4. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM):- 5 1.2.5. Bus Funding Scheme under the JnNURM:- 10 1.3. Linking NUTP & JnNURM:- 11 1.4. Need of the Study 11 1.4.1. Research Aim & Objective 13 1.4.2. Approach & Methodology 14 1.4.3. Scope and limitations 15 1.5. Chapter Scheme 16 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 21 2.1. Guideline highlighting the various mechanisms to run and adopted the urban public bus transportation 21 2.1.1. Guidelines for Bus Service Improvement: Policy and Options, Module 3: Asian Development Bank 21 2.1.2. Bus Regulation and Planning, Module 3c: Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH 30 2.1.3. Urban Bus Toolkit,Tools and options for reforming urban bus systems: Worldbank with PPIAF 42 2.1.4. Bus Karo: A Guidebook on Bus Planning & Operations, EMBARQ 44 2.2. Conclusion and inference from Toolkits and Guidebook 53 2.3. Case studies highlighting the various mechanisms to run and adopted the urban public bus transportation 54 2.3.1. Case study on International Urban Public transport services and Reform 54 2.3.1.1. Public transport reform in Hanoi, Vietnam 54 2.3.1.2. Study of Urban Public Transport Conditions in Accra, Ghana 58 2.3.1.3. Developing the Public Transport Sector in China 60 3. Research Study Area and Analysis 67 3.1. Data collection Methodology 67 3.2. JnNURM cities and Urban Transportation 68 3.2.1. Data Analysis: JnNURM cities and Urban Transportation 70 3.2.1.1 Comparison of modal share between the JnNURM million plus city. 72 3.2.1.2. Comparison of transport indicator with JnNURM million plus city parameter. 72 3.2.2. Conclusion for the million plus city analysis :- 74 4. Detailed Case studies: Ahmedabad, Indore and Bhopal 77 4.1. Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Services (AMTS) 78 4.1.1. Introduction: City Context 78 4.1.2. Bus System Characteristics&:- 79 4.1.3. System Background: 79 4.1.4. System Profile: 81 4.1.5. The Amts Past Experience: 81 4.1.6. Bus Procurement Proposals: The Economic Stimulus Package:- 83 4.1.7. Implementation Of Bus Procurement Funding Scheme:- 84 4.1.8. AMTS Experience with Bus funding scheme: 85 4.1.9. LESSON LEARNED From the case study:- 87 4.2. Indore City Transport Services Ltd. (ICTSL) - An SPV of IMC 88 4.2.1. Introduction: City Context 88 4.2.2. Bus System Characteristics:- 89 4.2.3. System Background: 90 4.2.4. System Profile: 90 4.2.5. THE AICTSL PAST EXPERIENCE: 92 4.2.6. Bus Procurement Proposals : The Economic Stimulus Package:- 93 4.2.7. Implementation Of Bus Procurement Funding Scheme:- 94 4.2.8. AICTSL Experience With Bus Funding Scheme: 95 4.2.9. LESSON LEARNED: From the case study:- 98 4.3. Bhopal City Link Ltd. (BCCL) - An SPV of BMC: 99 4.3.1. Introduction: City Context 99 4.3.2. Bus System Characteristics:- 100 4.3.3. System Background: 100 4.3.4. System Profile: 101 4.3.5. The BCLL Past Experience: 102 4.3.6. Bus Procurement Proposals:The Economic Stimulus Package:- 104 4.3.7. Implementation Of Bus Procurement Funding Scheme:- 105 4.3.8. BCLL Experience with Bus funding scheme: 106 4.3.9. LESSON LEARNED: From the case study:- 109 5. Summary and Conclusion 113 5.1. Parameter considered for the bus system improvement in the city bus operation 113 5.2. Bus contracting system reform based on the Toolkits / Guideline 114 5.3. Problem and issues: Reform option for Bus System 115 5.4. Comparative Analysis of Case studies and Impact of JnNURM in case studies Bus system improvement. 117 5.5. JnNURM Bus Funding and its impact on the City Bus System 119 Bibliography 121 Annexure 123