CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION 20 1.1 Introduction and problem definition 21 1.2 Need of study 24 1.3 Aim 24 1.4 Objectives of study 24 1.5 Research questions 24 1.6 Steps of methodology and analytical framework 25 1.7 Detailed approach and methodology 27 1.8 Scope and limitations of the study 28 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 30 2.1 Municipal solid waste management 31 2.2 Concept of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 31 2.3 LCA for MSWM 34 2.4 Role of Globalization in MSWM 35 2.5 Indian Scenario of MSW generation 36 2.6 Composition of Waste 38 2.7 Methane emissions from various anthropogenic sectors 38 2.8 Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities 40 2.9 Issues and factors affecting MSW generation 42 2.10 Institutional framework for SWM 43 2.11 MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 44 3. AHMEDABAD CITY AND ITS PRESENT SCENARIO OF MSWM AHMEDABAD CITY AND ITS PRESENT SCENARIO OF MSWM 45 3.1 City introduction and profile 46 3.2 Demography of Ahmedabad 48 3.3 Land use of AMC area 49 3.4 MSWM status for the city 50 3.5 Chronology of Solid waste with city expansion 51 3.6 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) MSW Characteristics 52 3.7 Characterization & composition of MSW 53 3.8 Collection of MSW 55 3.9 Transportation of MSW in Ahmedabad 55 3.10 Present scenario of MSW collection and number of trips (year 2010) 58 3.11 Waste processing rates (year 2010) 60 3.12 Disposal of waste 65 3.13 MSW Material balance in AMC area 65 3.14 Expenditure break-up of SWM department 66 4. ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF MSWM THROUGH LCA. 68 4.1 LCA in the present context 68 4.2 Data processing and analysis 69 4.3 Transport Sector 69 4.4 Disposal of MSW 82 4.5 Heavy Metals at LFS 86 4.6 Methane estimation 94 4.7 Results and observations 105 4.8 Problems and solutions of MSWM in overall LCA 106 5. CONCLUSION 108 5.1 Conclusion of the study 108 5.2 Suggestions and recommendations for emission reduction through LCA 110 Bibliography 113 Appendix