CONTENTSCertificate 2 Undertaking 3 Acknowledgement 4 Executive summary 5 Introduction 16 Background 17 Aim 18 Objective 18 Research Question 18 Methodology 20 Conceptual framework 21 Literature Review 22 Site selection 28 Need of the study 29 Shimla city profile 31 Location 32 Connectivity 33 Physiographic condition 36 Land use/Land cover 36 Demography 37 Urbanisation pattern in the city 39 Climatic condition 42 Shimla water availability and management system 43 Introduction 44 Water resources 45 Water supply system and storage 50 Water demand 56 Problem tree analysis 60 Problem identification 62 Data collection for problem assessment 62 Method of data collection 63 Data analysis 64 The Problem Tree . 98 Water demand and supply gap and stress area identification 104 Analysis of water supply and demand 105 Water scarcity scenario 106 Identification of stress area on the basis of per capita water availability 108 Recommendations 112 Introduction 113 Water conservation techniques 114 Comparative study 114 Proposal and scenario building 115 Management framework 122 Proposed management framework 123 Stakeholder involvement 124 Implementation framework 126 Conclusion 131 References 136