CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 INTRODUCTION 12 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 16 1.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 16 1.3.1 Conceptual Framework 17 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 20 1.5 EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE THESIS 20 2. STUDY AREA: AHMEDABAD CITY 21 2.1 INTRODUCTION 22 2.2 AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (AMC) 22 2.3 URBAN FORM 22 2.4 URBAN AREA AND ITS POPULATION 23 2.5 AMC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 24 2.5.1 Economic activity 24 2.5.2 Vehicle composition 24 2.5.3 TRAFFIC VOLUME 25 2.5.4 AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT SERVICE (AMTS) 26 2.5.5 Bus Rapid Transit System 28 2.6 CONCLUSIONS 29 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 30 3.1 TRANSIT FARE ELASTICITY 31 3.2 FARE OBJECTIVES 33 3.3 FARE LEVEL 35 3.4 FARE STRUCTURE 36 3.5 REVEALED AND STATED PREFERENCE SURVEY METHODS 38 3.5.1 Revealed Preference Methods 39 3.5.2 Revealed Preference Methods: Drawbacks 39 3.5.3 Stated Preference (Choice) Method 40 3.6 STATED PREFERENCE SURVEY 40 3.6.1 Assumptions of SP Survey 42 3.6.2 Limitations of SP Survey 42 3.6.3 Quality Issues in SP Survey 44 3.6.4 Design methodology 44 3.6.5 Sampling Strategy 45 3.7 CONCLUSIONS 45 4. DATA COLLECTION - APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 46 4.1 INTRODUCTION 47 4.2 DATA REQUIREMENT 48 4.3 CREATION OF ZONES FOR ZONE BASED FARE SCENARIO 48 4.4 STATED PREFERENCE SURVEY METHODOLOGY 50 4.4.1 Objective of the Survey 50 4.4.2 Target Population 50 4.4.3 Survey Implementation 51 4.4.4 Socio-Demographic Characteristics Of Sample Population 52 4.6 EXPECTED OUTCOME 53 5. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA 55 5.1 GRAVITY MODEL 56 5.1.1 Gravity Model Concept 56 5.1.2 Creation of Gravity Model 59 5.1.3 Results of Gravity Model 60 5.1.4 Use of O-D Matrix 61 5.2 FLAT FARE STRUCTURE SCENARIO 62 5.2.1 Calculation of Ridership and Revenue Collection 62 5.3 ZONE BASED FARE STRUCTURE SCENARIO 66 5.3.1 Calculation of Ridership and Revenue Collection 66 5.4 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 70 5.5 CONCLUSION 71 6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 72 6.1 CONCLUSION 73 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 ANNEXURE 78 ANNEXURE 1: SP SURVEY FORMAT 79