CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.01 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 3 1.02 RESEARCH PROBLEM 3 1.03 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS 4 1.04 RESEARCH DESIGN 5 1.4.1 Conceptual Framework 5 1.4.2 Research Matrix 7 1.05 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF STUDY 7 1.06 THESIS STRUCTURE 7 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.01 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODE CHOICE 9 2.02 MODAL SPLIT IN URBAN TRANSPORT 12 2.2.1 Types of modal split models 12 2.03 DISCRETE MODE CHOICE MODELS 13 2.3.1 Logit Models 14 2.3.2 Probit models: 15 2.3.3 General extreme value models: 16 2.04 REVEALED AND STATED PREFERENCE METHODS 17 2.4.1 Revealed Preference Method 17 2.4.2 Stated Preference Survey Method 18 2.4.3 Revealed versus Stated Preference Method 19 2.05 PAST STUDIES RELATED TO MODE CHOICE BEHAVIOR 20 2.5.1 Diagnostic Evaluation of Public Transportation Mode Choice in Addis Ababa 20 2.5.2 Modeling Mode Choice Behavior in Dhaka City: Issues and Challenges 21 2.5.3 Analysing Modal Shift: A Case of BRTS Jaipur 22 2.5.4 Model Development for Metro Station Access Mode Choice 23 2.06 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 24 3 STUDY AREA: AHMEDABAD 27 3.01 INTRODUCTION 27 3.02 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 27 3.2.1 Population and Form 27 3.2.2 Population Density 28 3.03 LAND USE 30 3.04 SOCIO - ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 31 3.4.1 Age Distribution 31 3.4.2 Income Distribution 31 3.4.3 Vehicle Ownership 31 3.4.4 Vehicle Composition 32 3.4.2 Modal Share 32 3.05 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS 32 3.5.1 Trip Rate 32 3.5.2 Purpose of trips 33 3.06 EXISITNG PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 34 3.6.1 Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service 34 3.6.2 Bus Rapid Transit System (B.R.T.S.) 35 3.07 PROPOSALS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 35 3.7.1 Metro rail corridor 35 3.7.2 Sub-urban Regional Rail 36 4 DATA COLLECTION 37 4.01 INTRODUCTION 37 4.02 METHODOLOGY 37 4.03 DATA REQUIREMENTS 38 4.04 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 39 4.4.1 Selection of survey area 39 4.4.2 Survey Set up 40 4.4.3 Survey Design 43 4.05 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION 43 5 DATA ANALYSIS 45 5.01 INTRODUCTION 45 5.02 SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 45 5.03 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS 49 5.3.1 Purpose of trip 49 5.3.1 Modal Shift 49 5.3.2 Trip length 50 5.3.3 Travel Cost 51 5.04 REVEALED CHOICES AMONG TRANSIT USERS FOR MODAL SHIFT 51 5.05 MODE CHOICE MODELLING 54 5.5.1 Model Input Variables 54 5.5.2 Computation of variables 55 5.5.3 Utility Equation Derivation 55 5.5.4 Probability of mode selection 60 5.06 VALIDATION OF UTILITY FUNCTION 61 5.6.1 Utility function for Shivranjini area 61 5.6.2 Utility Function for Memnagar Area 62 5.6.3 Utility function for Akhbarnagar area 62 5.6.4 Probabilities compared with main equation 63 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 65 6.01 CONCLUSION 65 6.02 RECOMMENDATIONS 68 6.03 FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY 68 7 REFERENCES 70 ANNEXURE 72 ANNEXURE I: QUESTIONNAIRE 72 ANNEXURE II: TRAVEL TIME / TRAVEL COST CALCULATIONS 73 ANNEXURE III: PROBABILITIES OF BRT OVER TWO - WHEELER 75 ANNEXURE IV: PROBABILITIES OF BRT OVER FOUR - WHEELER 77