CONTENTSCONTENTSi List of Tables iv List of Figures v List of Annexure vi Executive Summary 1 1 - INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 Aim 9 1.3 Objectives 9 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 The Need for Mechanization 10 1.6 Scope 12 1.7 Methodology Adopted 12 1.8 Limitations 15 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1 Literature Review 17 3 - COMPARING INDIA WITH OTHER COUNTRIES 25 3.1 Bangladesh 26 3.2 Nepal 27 3.3 China 30 3.3.1 The Future of Agricultural Mechanization Development in China 33 3.4 Brazil 36 3.4.1 The Problem 37 3.5 Nigeria 39 4 BARGARH DISTRICT PROFILE 43 4.1Introduction 44 4.1.1 India's Large-Scale Agricultural Mechanization 44 4.2 Location 45 4.3 Study area profile 46 4.3.1 Attabira block 46 4.3.2 Padampur block 47 4.4 Topography 47 4.5 Climate 48 4.6 Administration 48 4.7 Population 49 4.8 Land use 51 4.9 Agriculture 53 5 PAST AND PRESENT SITUATION 55 5.1 Area of villages in acres 56 5.2 Number of households 57 5.3 Literacy 58 5.4 Total population 59 5.5 SC population 60 5.6 ST Population 61 5.7 Total workers 62 5.8 Non workers 63 5.9 Cultivators 64 5.10 Agricultural labourer 65 5.11 Land use (hectares) 66 5.12 Irrigation 67 6 PRIMARY ANALYSES 68 6.1 Demography 69 6.2 Literacy of Attabira block and Padampur 70 6.3 Operational land holding 71 6.4 Dynamics of agriculture land pattern 72 6.5 Annual Average income from Household survey 73 6.6 Productivity 74 6.7 Farm machineries 75 7 USES OF DIFFERENT FARM MACHINERIES IN THE DISTRICT 76 7.1 Different type of farm implements 77 8 IMPACT FARM MECHANIZATION IN ORISSA 84 8.1 Productivity 85 8.2 Impact of Mechanization on Time between Two Cropping Seasons 86 8.3 Irrigation 88 8.4 Assessment of the Degree of Adoption 88 8.4.1 Scarcity of labour 90 8.5 Institutional effect 91 8.6 Sri padhati 92 9 SUGGESTIONS AND STRATEGY 93 10 CONCLUSION 96 ANNEXURE 100 Bibliography 106 Appendix - 1 109