CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.1. Background. 2 1.2. Need for the Study. 4 1.3. Aim of the Study. 6 1.4. Research Objective(s)/ Question(s) 6 1.5. Research Methodology. 7 1.5.1. Research Design: 7 1.5.2. Study Framework of the Study. 8 1.6. Scope of the Study 9 1.7. Limitation of the Study. 9 2. Review of Literature- Indian Sugar Sector . 12 2.1. Sector Scenario. 12 2.1.1. Production. 12 2.2. Consumption. 16 2.1.2. Domestic Trade. 17 2.1.3. International Trade. 18 2.1.4. Value chain of the sugar industry. 19 2.1.5. By-products of the sugar industry. 21 2.1.6. Regulatory evolution. 23 Sugar Industry in Meerut, UP 25 3. Sugar Industry in Meerut, UP. 26 3.1. Sugar Production- an Overview 26 3.2. Aspects of the study for India, UP and Meerut. 29 3.3. Sugar cane farming. 29 3.3.1. Land Holdings. 29 3.3.2. Irrigation Sources. 30 3.3.3. Sugarcane Yield/Ha & Annual Production. 31 3.3.4. Cane Utilization 33 3.4. Sugar Mill Production. 34 3.4.1. Mills- Types of Ownership and Nos. 34 3.4.2. Recovery Efficiency of Process. 35 3.4.3. Refining Capacity 35 3.4.4. Sugarcane Processals- Annual Quantity. 37 3.4.5. Sugar Mill Operating Costs 38 3.4.6. Diversification within Sugar Mill. 38 3.5. Sugar Markets. 42 3.5.1. Demand and Supply 42 3.5.2. Recovery Margin 43 3.5.3. Sugar production Costs. 44 IMPACT ANALYSIS 45 4. Impact of Sugar industry in farming. 46 4.1. Operational Issues- Farming and Production. 46 4.1.1. Agro-Climatic Region. 48 4.1.2. Land Holding Size. 49 4.1.3. Irrigation techniques. 50 4.1.4. Sugarcane Yield/Ha & Annual Production 52 4.1.5 Cane Utilization 53 4.1.6. Mills- Types of Ownership and Nos. 54 4.1.7. Recovery Efficiency of Process. 55 4.1.8. Refining Capacity. 56 4.1.9. Sugarcane Processals- Annual Quantity. 57 4.1.10 Sugar Mill Operating Costs. 58 4.2. Economical Issues. 59 4.2.1. Sugar Markets- Demand and Supply. 59 4.2.2. Sugarcane Pricing. 60 4.2.3. High Government Regulation in the Sector. 60 4.2.4. Variation in supply of sugarcane due to dwindle in payment paid to the farmers. 61 4.3. Social Issues. 62 4.3.1. Low prices and development outcomes. 62 4.3.2. Poor working condition. 62 4.3.3. Impact on the ground water. 63 4.3.4. Change in the cropping pattern. 63 4.3.5. Health impact due to burning of bagasse. 63 4.3.6. Employment generation. 63 4.4. Environmental issues. 64 4.4.1. Water Pollution. 64 4.4.2. Water Scarcity. 64 4.4.3. Air Pollution 64 4.4.4. Degraded Soils. 64 4.4.5. Solid waste management. 65 4.5. Policy Issues- Sugar Acts & Orders. 65 CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS-Possibility of Industrial Networking of Sugar mills in Meerut 67 5. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS- 68 5.1. Strengths 68 5.2. Weaknesses. 68 5.3. Opportunities 69 5.4. Threats 69 5.5. Major areas of Industrial Networking. 69 6. Annexures. 74 Questionnaire forms of Farmers Primary Survey. 75 7. Bibliography. 78 8. References. 79 9. Appendix: 79