CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 BACKGROUND 4 1.2 AIMS, OBJECTIVES & RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 1.3 METHODOLOGY 5 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION 6 1.5 SCHEME OF CHAPTERISATION 6 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATION 8 2.2 ENERGY GAP AND ENERGY CONSERVATION 8 2.3 INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES CORRELATION WITH STUDY AREA 9 2.3.1INDIAN PRACTICE 9 2.4 ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT, 2001 10 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 11 2.6 CAUSE AND EFFECT OF POOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY 12 2.7 ENERGY AUDIT 12 2.8 POLICY INPUT FOR MODASA CITY 13 2.8.1MONITORING ENERGY USAGE 13 2.8.2DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY PLAN 13 3 PATTERN OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MODASA CITY 17 3.1 BACKGROUND 17 3.2 HOUSING UNIVERSE 17 3.3 SAMPLE OF HOUSEHOLDS 18 3.4 FINDING FROM HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 20 3.4.1HOUSE HOLD PROFILE 20 3.4.1.1FAMILY SIZE 20 3.4.1.2WORKING MEMBERS 21 3.4.1.3ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION 21 3.4.2ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC STATUS 25 3.4.3ENERGY DEVICES 26 3.4.4OWNERSHIP OF COMMON DEVICES 26 3.4.5OWNERSHIP OF ENERGY INTENSIVE DEVICES 28 3.4.6OWNERSHIP OF OTHER DEVICE 30 3.4.7RENEWABLE DEVICE OWNERSHIP AND EXPERIENCE 35 3.4.8RENEWABLE DEVICES: PERCEPTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 36 4 PATTERN OF MUNICIPAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MODASA CITY 38 4.1 INTRODUCTION 38 4.2 ENERGY DEMAND 38 4.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION 38 4.4 OPERATING LOAD MEASUREMENT 39 5 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 5.1 RESIDENTIAL SECTOR 41 5.1.1 SAVING IN EXISTING HOUSEHOLDS 41 5.1.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION OPTIONS FOR NEW HOUSEHOLDS 43 5.1.3 PERFORM GREEN HOUSE ANALYSIS OF SITE AND STRUCTURES 44 5.1.4 ENERGY EFFICIENCY SYSTEMS AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 44 5.1.5 RETROFIT OPTIONS FOR COMMON AREA LIGHTING AND THEIR LIFE CYCLE COSTS 45 5.1.6 SUPPLY SIDE ENERY CONSUMPTION 48 5.1.7 SUPPLY SIDE ENERGY MANAGEMENT 49 5.1.8 CAPACITY BUILDING AND AWARENESS GENERATION SUGGESTIONS 50 5.2 RETROFITTING SUGGESTION AND ITS IMPACT FOR STREET LIGHT 51 5.2.1 OPTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM IN MODASA 51 References Annexure Abbreviations