CONTENTS1. Introduction 12 1.1. Background 12 1.2 Need for the study 12 1.3 Aim 2 1.4 Objective of the study 2 1.5 Limitation of study 2 1.5 Methodology 3 1.2. Brief explanation 3 1.3. Source of Data 4 1.4. Benchmarks at a glance 4 1.5. Analysis technique 5 2. Literature Review 6 2.1. Introduction 6 2.2. Principles of Municipal solid waste Management 6 2.2.1. Waste reduction 6 2.2.2. Effective Management of solid waste 7 2.3. Functional Elements of Municipal solid waste Management 7 2.3.1. Waste Generation 7 2.3.2. Waste Handling, Sorting, Storage, and Processing at the source 8 2.3.3. Collection 8 2.3.4. Sorting, Processing and Transformation of Solid Waste 8 2.3.5. Transfer and Transport 8 2.3.6. Disposal 8 2.4. Environmental Impact of solid waste disposal on land 9 2.5. Hierarchy of waste Management options 9 2.6. Problem being faced by Urban Local Bodies 10 2.7. Sector Involvement: 10 2.7.1. Formal sector: 10 2.8. WASTE CHARACTERISTICS:- 12 2.8.1. Classification of Waste: 12 2.8.2. Parameters 12 2.8.3. Analysis 13 2.9. Status of compliance with the 2000 Rules 13 Source:Asnani 20004a 15 2.10. Proposed Indicator/Benchmark 16 2.11. Case study of Good Practice 16 2.11.1. Introduction 16 2.11.2. Solid waste Management status 17 2.11.3. Collection 18 2.11.4. Transportation 20 2.11.5. Recycling 21 2.11.6. Landfill site 22 2.11.7. Institutional Mechanism 22 2.11.8. Costing 23 2.12. Conclusion 23 3. Case study 24 3.1. Solid Waste Management in Puducherry urban area 24 3.1.1. History and growth Characteristics 24 3.1.2. City profile 24 3.1.3. Economy of Puducherry 25 3.1.4. Social Infrastructure 25 3.1.5. Existing Infrastructure 26 3.1.6. Issues in Puducherry city 26 3.2. Status of Solid waste Management in ULBs Level 26 3.2.1. Puducherry Municipality 26 3.2.2. Oulgaret Municipality 28 3.2.3. Arriyankuppam Commune Panchayate 30 3.2.4. Villianur Commune Panchayate 32 3.3. System components 34 3.3.1. Components 34 3.4. Waste collection in study area 35 3.4.1. Puducherry Municipality 35 3.4.2. Oulgaret Municipality 37 3.4.3. Arriyankuppam commune Panchayate 38 3.4.4. Villianu commune panchayate 39 3.5. Transportation system in study area 39 3.5.1. Puducherry Municipality 39 3.5.2. Oulgaret Municipality 40 3.5.3. Arriyankuppam Commune Panchayate 40 3.5.4. Villianur commune Panchayate 41 3.6. Solid Waste Disposal in study area 42 3.6.1. Puducherry Municipality 42 3.6.2. Oulgaret Municipality 43 3.6.3. Arriyankuppam commune Panchayate 43 3.6.4. Villianur commune Panchayate 44 3.7. Conclusion 46 4. Performance assessment SWM in the study area 47 4.1. Waste generation 47 4.1.1. Year 2001- Puducherry Urban Agglomeration 47 4.1.2. Actual waste generation 47 4.1.3. MSW quantities as per the population projection have been estimated and given in the table below 48 4.1.4. Inferences 48 4.2. MSW Collection 49 4.2.1. Collection efficiency 49 4.2.2. Door to door collection efficiency 49 4.3. Waste seggregation 52 4.4. Current street- sweeping Practice 52 4.5. Major Drawbacks of the SWM Transport system 53 4.6. Disposal site 53 4.7. Urban poverty Profile 54 4.8. Expenditure status for Solid Waste Management in ULBs level 55 4.9. Institutional organization in ULBs 55 4.10. Comparison with Bench Mark/ Indicator 56 4.11. Evaluation Matrixes 57 4.12. Issues in SWM in Puducherry ULBs 58 5. Recommendations 63 5.1. Strategy for Urban Local Bodies 63 5.1.1. Creation of data base with using of GIS (MIS) 63 5.1.2. Financial Sustainability 71 6. Conclusion 3 6.1. Way forward for introducing PPP in SWM 3 6.2. Awareness programme 3 6.3. Human Resource Development 4 6.3.1. Special training for Unqualified Staff 4