CONTENTSExecutive Summary 1 1 INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Need of the Study 6 1.3 Aim of the Study 7 1.4 Objectives 7 1.5 Methodology7 1.6 Legal Framework 10 1.6.1 74th Constitutional Amendments 10 1.6.2 Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 10 1.6.3 Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling)10 1.6.4 Report of the Committee constituted by the Supreme Court of India-1999 11 1.7 Scope and Limitations 11 1.8 Chapter Scheme 11 2 CITY PROFILE13 2.1 Introduction13 2.2 Regional Setting 13 2.3 History & Growth14 2.4 Physical & Geographical Characteristics 15 2.4.1 Topography 15 2.4.2 Natural Drainage 16 2.4.3 Climate16 2.4.4 Location 16 2.5 Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) 17 2.6 Socio-Demographic Profile 18 2.6.1 Population Growth Trend18 2.6.2 Population Density19 2.6.3 Literacy Rate19 2.6.4 Population Projection21 2.7 Formation of AMC 22 2.8 Governing Structure of AMC22 3 SWM SYSTEM IN AGARTALA25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Institutional Framework27 3.3 Waste Generation 27 3.3.1 Secondary Survey Analysis 27 3.3.2 Primary Survey Analysis 29 3.4 Waste Composition 36 3.5 Physical Characteristics of Waste 37 3.6 Chemical Characteristics37 3.7 Waste Collection 37 3.7.1 Secondary Survey Analysis 37 3.7.2 Primary Survey Analysis41 3.8 Street Sweeping 43 3.8.1 Secondary Survey Analysis 43 3.9 Waste Storage 49 3.9.1 Secondary Survey Analysis 49 3.9.2 Primary Survey Analysis 50 3.10 Waste Transportation 51 3.11 Waste Treatment/Processing 51 3.12 Waste Disposal 52 3.13 People Perception 53 3.14 Existing Staff Detail 53 3.15 Summary of Existing Situation 54 3.15.1 Generation 54 3.15.2 Collection54 3.15.3 Waste Storage 54 3.15.4 Waste Transportation 55 3.15.5 Waste Disposal 55 4 System Projection58 4.1 Waste Generation Projection 58 4.2 Future Waste Collection Scenario 60 4.3 Future Waste Transportation Scenario 61 4.4 Future Storage Facility62 5 Strategy Formation 64 5.1 General64 5.2 Planning Principles64 5.3 SWM in Full AMC Area (in 35 Wards) for 2011 65 5.5 Proposed Plan for SWM in Agartala65 5.5 Proposed SWM Project for AMC 67 5.6 Cost Estimates67 5.6 Funding Pattern70 5.7 Devolution of Resources to AMC71 5.8 O&M Cost Recovery Mechanisms 71 5.9 Manpower Required for SWM 72 5.10 Willingness to Pay75 5.11 Scenario of Property Tax75 5.10 Proposed Organizational Structure 76 5.10 Conclusion78 5.11 Further Scope of Study78 ANNEXURE:I80 ANNEXURE:II81 References