CONTENTSCONTENTSUndertaking 3 Acknowledgements 4 Abbreviations 10 Chapter 1. Executive Summary 12 Chapter 2. Literature Review 18 2.1 Housing 18 2.1.1 Housing and Shelter. 18 2.1.2 Housing Supply and Delivery 19 2.1.3 Impact on Understanding this process 20 2.2 Housing in India 22 2.2.1 Development of Housing since Independence 22 2.2.2 Planned Townships in India 24 2.2.3 A Case of CIDCO developed Navi Mumbai 25 2.3 Housing Delivery 27 2.3.1 Housing demand in Third World Countries 27 2.3.2 Housing Delivery Mechanism in Third World Countries 28 2.3.3 Various Actors involved in Housing Delivery Mechanism in India 29 2.3.4 Housing Types 32 2.3.5 Land and its relation to Housing 33 2.3.6 Land Banking 34 Chapter 3. Case Studies 35 3.1 The Delhi Development Authority (D.D.A.) 35 3.1.1 DDA's Land Policy 36 3.1.2 DDA's Housing Delivery Method 37 3.2 Singapore Housing Model 40 3.3 Magarpatta Model 42 3.4 Kolkata Salt Lake City 43 3.5 CIDCO Model 45 3.6 Learning from the Case-studies 45 Chapter 4. Growth of Navi Mumbai 47 4.1 Planning of Navi Mumbai 47 4.1.1 Navi Mumbai Plan 47 4.1.2 Urban Issues in Maharashtra 48 4.1.3 Emergence of the Idea of Navi Mumbai 49 4.1.4 The Draft Development Plan of Navi Mumbai. 52 4.2 Development of Navi Mumbai 56 4.2.1 Rise in Levels of Urbanisation 56 4.2.2 The Planned Nodes or the New Towns of Navi Mumbai 57 4.2.3 Villages 60 4.2.4 The Unauthorised Settlements 61 4.2.5 The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) 62 4.3 Growth in the nodes of Navi Mumbai 62 4.3.1 Growth of Population 62 4.3.2 Density Pattern 64 4.3.3 Pattern of Development in the Nodes 65 Chapter 5. Land Development Strategies of CIDCO. 70 5.1 CIDCO's Growth Model 70 5.1.1 Flow Chart 70 5.1.2 CIDCO's Growth from the initial years. 72 5.1.3 CIDCO's Expenditure Break-up 73 5.2 CIDCO's Land Development Strategy 74 5.2.1 Process of Land Development in Navi Mumbai 74 5.2.2 CIDCO's Costs of Development and Setting-up of the Reserve Price (R.P.) 76 5.2.3 Land Development in Vashi Node. 83 5.3 Development in the Villages 84 5.3.1 CIDCO's Land Acquisition Policies 84 5.3.2 Rehabilitation Scenario 87 5.3.3 Gaonthan Expansion Scheme (G.E.S.) 88 5.3.4 The Twelve and a Half Percent Scheme (12.5 % Scheme) 88 5.4 Land Prices 89 Chapter 6. Housing in Navi Mumbai 91 6.1 Housing Statistics 91 6.1.1 Housing Stock in Navi Mumbai till 2005 91 6.1.2 Year-wise progress of Dwelling Unit Construction 91 6.1.3 CIDCO's Housing Policy 92 6.1.4 Low-Income Housing 97 6.2 Private Sector Housing 102 6.2.1 Emergence of the Private Sector 102 6.2.2 Growth of the Private Sector Housing 103 6.2.3 Private Sector Housing Activity in the Nodes 106 Chapter 7. Analysis of the Housing Development Scenario in Navi Mumbai 108 7.1 Housing Scenario 108 7.1.1 Personal encounters with residents of Navi Mumbai 108 7.1.2 Comparative Analysis of Housing of CIDCO and Private Sector. 110 7.1.3 Income level in the planned nodes 114 7.1.4 Trend of Housing in Market 115 7.1.5 Housing Supply and Demand 119 7.1.6 Problems in the Housing 119 7.1.7 Negative Filtering of the Housing Stock 122 7.1.8 Present Scenario in the Villages 123 Chapter 8. Conclusion 125 8.1 Findings from the Study: 125 8.2 Steps to be taken by CIDCO. 129 8.3 Learning through the CIDCO Model 131 Annexure 133 REFERENCES 140