CONTENTS CERTIFICATE II UNDERTAKING III TABLE OF CONTENT IV LIST OF TABLE VII LIST OF FIGURE VII ABBREVIATIONS IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XII CHAPTER-1. ECOLOGY AND STUDY OF MANGROVES 1 1.1 ECOLOGY 1 1.1.1 COASTAL ECOLOGY 1 1.1.2 MANGROVE ECOLOGY 2 1.2 STUDY ON MANGROVES 4 1.2.1 BIOLOGY OF MANGROVES 5 1.2.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF MANGROVES 8 1.2.3 METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING CARBON CREDITS FOR LULUCF: 11 1.2.4 CASE STUDY 11 CHAPTER-2. INTRODUCTION 15 2.1 AIM 15 2.2 OBJECTIVE 15 2.2.1 SUB-OBJECTIVE 16 2.3 METHODOLOGY 17 2.4 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 19 2.4.1 EMPIRICAL METHOD FOR DATA ANALYSIS: 20 CHAPTER-3. CARBON MARKET SCENARIO 23 3.1 KYOTO PROTOCOL 23 3.1.1 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 26 3.1.2 ROLE OF CDM IN LAND USE SECTOR 27 CHAPTER-4. MANGROVES IN INDIA & GUJARAT 33 4.1 SCENARIO OF MANGROVES IN INDIA 33 4.2 SCENARIO IN GUJARAT STATE 36 4.2.1 FACTORS WHICH CONTROL THE GROWTH OF MANGROVES 37 4.2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MANGROVES IN KACHCHH 38 4.2.3 CHANGING STATE OF MANGROVE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME 39 4.2.4 REASONS FOR DEGRADATION OF MANGROVES 40 4.3 STUDY AREA: KACHCHH 41 4.4 CURRENT ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF KATCHCHH 42 4.4.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 42 4.4.2 CLIMATE 44 4.5 ISSUES RELATED TO MANGROVES IN KACHCHH 46 4.5.1 HUMAN INFLUENCE 46 4.5.2 FISHING COMMUNITY IN KATCHCHH: 47 4.5.3 THREAT OF EVICTION - NEED FOR REGULARIZATION OF SETTLEMENTS: 47 4.5.4 PROTECTING THE MARINE ECOLOGY: 48 4.5.5 SALT PAN: 51 4.5.6 LIVESTOCK 51 CHAPTER-5. MANGROVE EVALUATION AND CARBON CREDITS 52 5.1 CARBON SEQUESTRATION (C.S) 52 5.1.1 POSITION OF INDIA IN CDM MARKET: 52 5.2 MANGROVE BIOMASS CALCULATION 53 5.3 METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATION 60 5.3.1 STAGE-1 60 5.3.2 STAGE-2 61 5.3.3 STAGE-3 66 5.4 BENEFITS AND STRATEGY 67 ANNEXURE 70 REFERENCES 80