CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA 1-1 1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY 1-2 1.3 OBJECTIVES 1-5 1.4 METHODOLOGY 1-6 1.5 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1-7 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION 1-7 1.6.1 Scope 1-7 1.6.2 Limitation 1-8 2 THE PHENOMENON OF TOURISM 2-9 2.1 IMPACTS OF TOURISM ON DEVELOPMENT 2-9 2.1.1 Economic dimensions 2-9 2.1.2 Socio-cultural dimensions 2-10 2.1.3 Environmental dimensions 2-10 2.2 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM 2-11 2.2.1 Importance of Tourism in National Economy 2-11 2.2.2 Tourism - Source of Foreign Exchange Earnings 2-12 2.2.3 Contribution to National Income 2-13 2.2.4 Development of Infrastructure 2-14 2.2.5 Balanced Development; 2-14 2.2.6 Human Development: 2-15 2.2.7 The Multiplier Concept 2-15 2.3 TOURISM SCENARIO - WORLD AND INDIA 2-20 2.4 TOURISM SCENARIO IN RAJASTHAN 2-22 2.4.1 Tourism potentials in Rajasthan 2-22 2.4.2 Tourist Circuits in Rajasthan 2-23 2.5 TOURISM POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2-24 2.5.1 Major components of the Tenth Plan strategy 2-24 2.5.2 The tourism Policy of the State of Rajasthan 2-25 2.5.3 Institutional Framework 2-26 2.6 CASE STUDIES 2-27 2.6.1 CASE 1: Pilgrimage Tourism Development at Dwarka, Gujarat 2-27 2.6.2 CASE 2: Tirumala Tirupati development 2-29 2.6.3 CASE 3: Economic Impact of Vaishno Devi Pilgrimages 2-39 2.7 CONCLUSIONS 2-43 3 PUSHKAR TOWN - AN OVERVIEW 3-45 3.1 LOCATION 3-45 3.2 HISTORY 3-45 3.3 CLIMATE 3-46 3.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY 3-46 3.5 SETTING 3-47 3.6 ECOLOGY 3-47 3.7 LINKAGES 3-48 3.7.1 Air 3-48 3.7.2 Rail 3-49 3.7.3 Road 3-49 3.8 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 3-50 3.8.1 Population 3-50 3.8.2 Density 3-50 3.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 3-52 3.9.1 OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN 3-52 3.9.2 GENDER DISTRIBUTION 3-54 3.9.3 LITERACY 3-54 3.9.4 HOUSE-HOLD SIZE 3-54 3.9.5 INCOME 3-55 3.10 URBAN DEVELOPMENT 3-55 3.10.1 Land Use Classification 3-55 3.10.2 Land use 1991 and 2008 3-56 3.11 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE 3-57 3.11.1 Water Supply 3-57 3.11.2 Sewerage System 3-58 3.11.3 Solid Waste Management 3-59 3.11.4 Social Infrastructure 3-60 3.12 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP 3-61 3.13 TOURISM PRODUCTS AT PUSHKAR 3-62 3.13.1 Desert Camel and Jeep safari 3-62 3.13.2 Camping in desert 3-63 3.13.3 Pushkar Bazaar 3-63 3.13.4 Bathing Ghats 3-63 3.13.5 Fairs and Festivals 3-64 3.14 TOURIST DETINATIONS AT PUSHKAR 3-66 3.14.1 Jahangir's palace 3-66 3.14.2 Brahma Temple 3-66 3.14.3 Savitri Temple 3-66 3.14.4 Varah Temple 3-66 3.14.5 Old Rangji Temple 3-67 3.14.6 Pap Mochini Temple 3-67 3.14.7 Some other places to visits 3-67 3.15 CONCLUSION 3-68 4 PUSHKAR TOURISM - AN OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS 4-69 4.1 TOURISM TREND 4-69 4.1.1 Year-wise and Decadal Tourist Inflow 4-69 4.1.2 Origin of Tourists 4-70 4.1.3 Month-wise Tourist Inflow 4-71 4.2 TOURIST PROFILE 4-73 4.2.1 Tourists Distribution Based on the Location 4-73 4.2.2 Tourist Distribution Based on the Purpose of visit 4-74 4.2.3 Tourist Distribution Based on the Average Duration of Stay 4-74 4.2.4 Expenditure Incurred per tourist per day 4-75 4.2.5 Tourist Distribution Based on Type of Accommodation 4-76 4.2.6 Level of Satisfaction 4-76 4.2.7 Sector-wise Problems and Suggestions for Improvement 4-77 4.3 TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE 4-77 4.3.1 Accommodation 4-77 4.3.2 Transportation 4-79 4.3.3 Amenities 4-80 4.3.4 Other Tourism Infrastructure Facilities 4-81 4.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 4-81 4.5 CONCLUSION 4-82 5 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM 5-83 5.1 METHODS 5-83 5.1.1 Satellite accounts 5-83 5.1.2 Visitor Surveys/Input-output (I-O) models for Estimating Economic Impacts of Tourism 5-83 5.2 VISITOR SURVEYS / INPUT-OUTPUT (I-O) MODEL ANALYSIS 5-85 5.2.1 TOURISM SPENDING IMPACTS 5-85 5.2.2 ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM 5-88 5.3 CONCLUSION 5-89 6 TOUIRSM AS A TOOL FOR LOCAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT 6-90 6.1 IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM FOR LOCAL ECONOMY AT PUSHKAR 6-90 6.2 STRATEGIES FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6-90 6.2.1 STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST POTENTIAL 6-90 6.2.2 STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT LOCAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 6-92 6.2.3 STRATEGTIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6-94 6.3 PROPOSED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 6-97 7 FURTHUR SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7-99