CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 1. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 10 1.1. Overview 10 1.2. Need Of Study 11 1.3. Problem Tree Analysis 13 1.4. Aims & Objectives 14 1.5. Scope & Limitation 14 1.6. Methodology 14 2. CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 17 2.1. Overview 17 2.2. Institutional Arrangement 17 2.2.1. Role Of Urban Local Body 17 2.3. Problems Faced By Water Supply Systems 19 2.3.1. Operation And Maintenance 21 2.3.2. Factors Responsible For Inadequate Service 22 2.3.3. Consequences Of Inefficient And Restricted Water Supply 23 2.3.4. A Central Problem: Low Performance Of Water Utilities 23 2.4. Approaches 24 2.4.1. Performance Measurement (PM) 25 2.4.2. Development Of Database Management System Using GIS 26 2.4.3. Reducing Operation Maintenance Cost 27 2.4.4. Move Towards Public Private Partnership 33 2.4.5. Tariff reform 39 2.4.6. Sound Billing And Collection System 41 2.4.7. Institutional Reform 42 3. CHAPTER-3 CITY PROFILE 46 3.1. General Profile 46 3.2. Growth Of City. 48 3.3. Demographic Profile 50 3.4. Urbanization & Migration 51 3.5. Population Density 51 3.6. Socio - Economic Profile 52 3.7. Slums 53 3.8. Income Profile 55 3.9. Land Use 56 4. CHAPTER-4 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO IN BHOPAL 57 4.1. Historical Development Of Water Supply In Bhopal 57 4.2. Growing Water Needs 58 4.3. Sources of Water Supply 58 4.3.1. Upper Lake Supply 60 4.3.2. Kolar Dam Supply 64 4.3.3. Ground Water Supply 67 4.4. Existing Transmission Mains And Distribution Network 69 4.4.1. Transmission Mains 70 3.4.2. Distribution Network 70 4.5. Metering 71 4.6. Existing Storage 72 4.7. Existing Status Of Water Connection 72 4.8. Zone Wise Water Supply 73 4.9. Scenario In Poverty Pockets 76 4.9.1 Status Of Water Availability: 76 4.9.2. Inter Poverty Pockets Status In Water Supply 78 4.9.3. Zone Wise Analysis In Slums 80 4.10. Observed Flow And Losses In Supply Network Based On Supplies From Sources 81 4.10.1. Non Revenue Water 82 4.11. Key Observation: 83 4.12. Ongoing Projects 83 4.12.1. Leak Detection 85 4.13. Conclusion 88 5. CHAPTER-5 ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PARAMETERS 90 5.1. Financial Assessment 91 5.1.1. Analysis Of Income-Expenditure Statement 93 5.1.2. Current Water Tariff Structure 99 5.1.3. Revenue Collection Per KL Of Water 100 5.1.4. Cost Of Provision Of Water Per KL 101 5.1.5. Revenue Collection 101 5.1.6. Billing Efficiency 101 5.2. Institutional Framework 103 5.2.1. Existing Institutional Framework For Water Supply 103 5.2.2. Bhopal Municipal Corporation 104 5.2.3. Public Health & Engineering Department 104 5.2.4. Urban administration and development department 105 5.2.5. Staffing 105 5.3. Ongoing Projects 106 5.4. Conclusion 107 6. Chapter-6 Issues & Strategies 109 6.1. Issues 109 6.2. Future Requirements 112 6.3. JNNURM Reform 113 6.4. Recommended Strategies 114