CONTENTS Section I 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Why Case of Pune city. 7 1.1.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 8 1.1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY 8 1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVES 9 1.3 Methodology 10 1.4 Scope and Limitation 11 2 Literature review - Impact of Motorization 12 2.1 History of Motorization in Asian Cities. 12 2.2 Impact of automobile dependence on city Spatial form. 15 2.3 Urban Transport in India 16 2.4 Sustainable transport parameters 18 3 Literature review - case studies 22 3.1 Case study For Reducing Automobile Dependence 22 3.2 Theories of sustainable Transport. 29 Theory by Peter Newman.. 29 Theory by Alain Berturd 30 Theory by Donold shoulp. 32 Fiscal theory by William Vickrey. 35 3.3 Case Study of efficient Bus Transit system 37 3.4 Efficient public Transport in Indian Cities 41 3.5 Case study for TDM 46 Section II - Case of PUNE City 4 Pune city profile 4 4.1 Demographic Characteristics 6 4.2 Land Use 7 4.3 Road network & activity centres of the city. 8 4.4 Socio - Cultural aspects. 9 4.5 Economy 9 5. Transportation characteristics. 11 5.1 Travel Characteristics of Pune. 11 5.1.1 Desire line diagrams for Travel pattern. 15 5.1.2 Integration of land use - transport 16 5.2 Road Network Analysis 18 5.2.2 Road Hierarchy : 18 5.2.3 Road Length: 18 5.2.4 Road density : 20 5.2.5 Capacities of major Radials and Intersections. 21 5.2.6 Relation of Density with Congested roads 22 5.2.7 Absence of Bypass & Ring road. 23 5.2.8 Road condition 24 5.2.9 Infrastructure for NMT. 25 5.2.10 Work done and pending from proposed work. 26 6 Dynamics of Private and public transport in Pune 27 6.1 Private vehicular growth 27 6.1.1 Vehicular growth in Pune. 28 6.1.2 vehicular growth Vs population, income and area. 29 6.1.3 Vehicle Density analysis 30 6.1.4 Parking on & off street 31 6.1.5 Goods traffic 32 6.1.6 Road safety 33 6.1.7 Environment 34 6.1.8 Ward wise comparison. 35 6.1.9 Work pending from the proposed work. 35 6.2 Decline in Public transport 37 6.2.1 Public Transport Scenerio in Pune. 38 6.2.2 Institutional Mechanism 39 6.2.3 Financial analysis. 41 6.2.4 Operational characteristics of PMT. 44 6.3 Private vehicle Vs public transport. 49 6.4 BRT current situation 52 6.4.1 Pune BRTS Pilot Route work. 54 6.4.2 Problems & constraints 56 6.5 Gaps in Policy framework 58 6.5.1 Gaps in current transport policy. 58 6.5.2 Gaps in Parking Policy. 60 6.5.3 Gaps in institutional Mechanism 62 7 Inferences & Recommendations. 63 7.1 Inefficient Road network : 63 7.2 Declining Public Transport: 65 7.3 Private vehicular growth: 66 7.4 Lack of Land use transport integration policies: 68 7.5 Recommendations. 70 8 Strategies for sustainable transport in Pune city. 72 8.1 Strategies for Institutional mechanism. 72 8.2 Strategies for improvement of PT in Pune city. 73 8.2.1 Institutional division of work. 73 8.2.2 Strategies for improvement of Bus operations 74 8.2.3 Privatization of Public Transport. 74 8.2.4 Mini buses in Old City 76 8.2.5 O& M of Buses 78 8.2.6 Mobilizing of Funds for Buses 79 8.3 Strategies for Restraining Private Vehicles 81 8.3.1 Renewal of parking policy 81 8.3.2 Pedestrianizing old city streets 82 8.3.3 Rescheduling work timings 83 8.3.4 Land Use transport integration recommendations 83