CONTENTS ..I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1. Background ..- .. 1-1 1.2. Need of the study..- 1-3 1.3. Aim, objective and approach methodology .. 1-4 1.4. Analytical framework- 1-7 1.5. Scope and limitation ..- .. 1-8 1.6. Structure of the report ..- 1-9 CHAPTER 2 Assessment of Environmental Issues Related to Townships 2.1. Integrated Townships ..- . 2-1 2.1.1.Concept and objectives of integrated townships . 2-1 2.1.2.Types Of Integrated Townships .. 2-2 2.1.3.Components Of Integrated Residential Townships . 2-3 2.1.4.Life Cycle Of Township Projects . 2-4 2.2. Practices Of Township Development 2-5 2.2.1.Traditional Practices ..- .. 2-5 2.2.2.Changing Practices ..- . 2-7 2.2.3.Existing Scenario ..- 2-8 2.3. Environmental Issues In The Life Cycle Township Projects 2-10 2.3.1.Activities involved in the Life Cycle of A Township Projects .. 2-10 2.3.2.Proposal Stage ..- .. 2-11 2.3.2.1.Location: ..- 2-10 2.3.2.2.Site Identification: ..- 2-11 2.3.2.3.Project Planning: ..- .. 2-12 2.3.2.3. Land Procurement: ..- 2-12 2.3.3. Detailing Stage ..- .. 2-13 2.3.3.1.Land Use Planning ..- 2-13 2.3.3.2.Resource Planning ..- 2-13 2.3.3.3.Site Planning ..- 2-13 2.3.3.4.Infrastructure Planning ..- 2-14 2.3.4.Execution Stage ..- 2-14 2.3.4.1.Site Clearing ..- 2-14 2.3.4.2.Workers Camps ..- 2-15 2.3.4.3.Equipment & Machinery Management .. 2-15 2.3.4.4.Site development ..- .. 2-15 2.3.4.5.Construction ..- 2-15 2.3.4.6.Material Management ..- 2-16 2.3.4.7.Decommissioning ..- . 2-16 2.3.5.Operation & Maintenance Stage 2-17 2.3.5.1.Infrastructure Planning ..- 2-17 2.4. Summary of Findings ..- 2-18 2.4.1.Major Activities in Lifecycle of Townships and Related Environmental Aspects2-18 CHAPTER 3 Reviews Of Applicable Acts, Policies, Codes And Manuals 3.1. Review Of Documents Related To Environmental Clearance 3-1 3.2.1.EIA Notification, 2006 ..- .. 3-1 3.2.2.Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, (Amendment 1988) . 3-1 3.2.3.Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 3-2 3.2.4.MSW Management and Handling Rules, 2000 3-2 3.2.5.Forest Conservation Act, 1988 3-2 3.2.6.Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1991 .. 3-2 3.2. Review Of Documents Related To Land Acquisition .. 3-3 3.3.1.Land Acquisition Act (LA), 1894, amended in 1984 . 3-3 3.3.2.National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation, 2003 3-3 3.3. Review Of Government Policies Related To Integrated Townships .. 3-4 3.3.1.Foreign Direct Investment Policy . 3-4 3.3.2.Integrated Township Policies of States .. 3-5 3.4. Safeguard Policies And Bank Procedures Of External Funding Agencies . 3-9 3.4.1.World Bank ..- 3-9 3.4.2.Asian Development Bank ..- 3-9 3.4.3.Environmental Responsive Procurement (ERP) . 3-10 3.4.4.Review Of Manuals, Codes, And Guidelines 3-10 3.4.5.National Building Code, 2005 3-11 3.4.6.ISO 14001: EMS System ..- .. 3-11 3.4.7.Energy Conservation Building Code, 2006 .. 3-12 3.4.8.UDPFI guidelines, 1996 ..- 3-12 3.4.9.EMS Manual for Urban Local Bodies & Townships 3-12 3.4.10.CPHEEO Manual ..- .. 3-13 3.5. Review Of Other Related Documents . 3-15 3.5.1.74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 .. 3-15 3.5.2.Development Control regulations, Ahmedabad .. 3-15 3.5.3.Panchayats (Extension to Areas) Act, 2002 Scheduled . 3-15 CHAPTER 4 Emerging Good Practices 4.1. Eco-Housing ..- .. 4-1 4.1.1.Concept ..- .. 4-1 4.1.2.Rating Systems ..- .. 4-2 4.1.2.1.Indian Rating Systems ..- . 4-3 4.1.2.2.BREEAM (UK) ..- . 4-4 4.1.2.3.CASBEE (Japan) ..- 4-4 4.1.2.4.Green Globes (Canada) ..- 4-5 4.1.2.5.NABERS (Australia) ..- .. 4-6 4.1.2.6.TERIGRIHA- .. 4-6 4.1.3.Initiative of Pune Municipal Corporation 4-8 4.2. Townships ..- 4-11 4.2.1. Lavasa Township, Pune, Maharashtra . 4-11 4.2.1.1.GIS Application ..- 4-12 4.2.1.2.Environment Management Plan 4-14 4.2.2. Raintree Park Township, Hyderabad, Karnataka 4-16 4.2.3. Summary of Studied Practices .. 4-19 4.3. Technologies ..- 4-21 4.3.1. Raw & Waste Water Treatment . 4-21 4.3.2.Waste Water Treatment 4-21 4.3.2.1.DEWATS ..- .. 4-21 4.3.2.2.Root zone treatment system 4-22 4.3.3.Water Harvesting System. 4-23 4.3.4. Solid Waste Management 4-23 4.3.4.1.Vermi Composting ..- 4-23 4.3.4.2.Production of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) or Pelletization . 4-24 4.3.4.3.Incineration ..- . 4-24 4.3.5. Sewage treatment .. 4-25 4.3.5.1.CNG from sewage gases 4-25 4.3.6. Alternate Energy System . 4-25 4.3.6.1.Solar Photovoltaic Panels .. 4-25 CHAPTER 5 Case Studies of EMS Implementation for Township 5.1. Environment Management System .. 5-1 5.2. Kasturinagar (IFFCO) Township, Gandhinagar, Gujarat .. 5-3 5.2.1.Introduction ..- 5-3 5.2.2.Physical Planning ..- . 5-4 5.2.2.1.Planning Features- .. 5-4 5.2.2.2.Design Features ..- . 5-4 5.2.2.3.Main Features ..- 5-5 5.2.3.Management Structure of Township 5-8 5.2.3.1.Responsibility & Authority in EMS .. 5-9 5.2.4.EMS For Township ..- . 5-12 5.2.4.1.Environment Management System document .. 5-12 5.2.4.2.EMS Procedure in Township .. 5-13 5.2.5.Conclusions ..- .. 5-15 5.3.Magarpatta Township, Pune, Maharashtra 5-16 5.3.1.Introduction ..- .. 5-16 5.3.2.Physical Planning ..- 5-17 5.3.2.1.Planning Features- 5-18 5.3.2.2.Designing Features ..- 5-19 5.3.3.Main Features ..- 5-20 5.3.4.Management of Township 5-22 5.3.5.Conclusions- 5-22 5.4. Summary of Findings ..- 5-24 CHAPTER 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1. Summary and Findings ..- .. 6-1 6.1.1.Summary ..- 6-1 6.1.1.1.Data Analysis ..- 6-1 6.1.1.2.Case - Studies of EMS implementation .. 6-3 6.1.2.Key Findings ..- . 6-4 6.2. Recommendations ..- .. 6-6 6.2.1.Township Categorisation ..- . 6-6 6.2.2.Township Administration ..- 6-6 6.2.3.Management of Integrated Township.. 6-8 6.2.3.1.Township Proposal Stage ..- .. 6-8 6.2.3.2.Township Detailing Stage .. 6-13 6.2.3.3.Township Execution Stage . 6-15 6.2.3.4.Township Operation and Maintenance Stage .. 6-20 6.2.4.Environmental Management System .. 6-21 6.2.4.1.EMS & Environmental Policy . 6-21 6.2.4.2.EMS Objectives and Targets .. 6-21 6.2.4.3.Roles and Responsibilities . 6-22 6.2.4.4.Structure for Implementation of the EMS .. 6-22 6.2.4.5.Capacity Building Requirements for Implementation of the EMS 6-23 6.2.4.6.Key Steps to Undertaking an EMS .. 6-24 6.2.4.7.Communication of the Environmental Management System .. 6-25 6.2.5.Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMF .. 6-26 6.2.5.1.Organogram for Project Approval and Implementation 6-27 6.2.5.2.Institutional Arrangement .. 6-29 6.2.5.3.Institutional Responsibility 6-31 6.2.6.Summary of The Key Recommendations 6-34 6.2.7.Conclusion and Scope for Further Research 6-34